Application of satellite observations to verify methane emission inventories

ZHANG Yuzhong; MAO Huiqin; CHEN Cuihong; LIANG Ruosi

doi:10.11834/jrs.20243350

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Application of satellite observations to verify methane emission inventories
Vol. 28, Issue 8, Pages: 1940-1954(2024)
Received：22 August 2023，

Published：07 August 2024
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20243350
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

张羽中，毛慧琴，陈翠红，梁若思.2024.卫星观测在甲烷排放清单校核中的应用.遥感学报，28（8）： 1940-1954 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20243350.

Zhang Y Z，Mao H Q，Chen C H and Liang R S. 2024. Application of satellite observations to verify methane emission inventories. National Remote Sensing Bulletin， 28（8）：1940-1954 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20243350.

摘要

甲烷是重要的温室气体。大气甲烷排放来源多，影响因素复杂，基于排放因子和活动水平“自下而上”编制的排放清单有较大的不确定性。覆盖全球的甲烷卫星观测为“自上而下”验证及校正排放清单提供了有效手段。本文系统介绍了利用甲烷卫星观测和大气传输模型进行正向和反演清单校核的原理方法、关键技术和研究现状，并以2020年为例，应用GOSAT卫星甲烷观测、GEOS-Chem大气化学传输模型对全球甲烷排放清单进行了正向和反演校核。结果表明，在甲烷排放量最大的10个国家中，中国、印尼排放量显著低于先验清单，俄罗斯、印度、孟加拉国排放显著高于先验清单，其他国家与先验估计无统计显著的区别。最后，本文展望了基于卫星观测的甲烷清单校核技术的发展方向。

Abstract

Methane is a strong greenhouse gas and is responsible for roughly a quarter of radiative forcing since industrialization. Reducing anthropogenic methane emissions is considered a vital measure to slow down climate change. Conventional “bottom-up” inventories

which are compiled based on emission factors and activity data

are subject to large uncertainties. Atmospheric observations such as those made by satellite instruments provide a useful “top-down” approach for verifying and improving emission inventories. This study aims to present the application of satellite observations to the verification of methane emission inventories through forward simulations and inversion analyses.

We first presented varied types of satellite observations (short-wave infrared vs. thermal infrared observations

area-flux mappers vs. point-source imagers) and retrieval methods (CO

-proxy method vs. full-physics method) and their suitability for inventory verification. We then extensively discussed the role of chemical transport models in interpreting satellite observations

the method of properly comparing model methane simulations to satellite column observations

and the effects of simulation errors on emission inventory verification. Finally

we demonstrated the two-stage verification with forward simulations and then an inverse analysis for global methane emissions. They were conducted using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model

GOSAT methane column observations for 2020

and two sets of bottom-up emission inventories.

In the forward simulation

we developed a bias correction procedure to reduce the season- and latitude-dependent systematic biases. The bias-corrected simulation results were compared with satellite column observations to qualitatively assess the quality of emission inventories. In the inverse analyses

we presented the quantification of emissions for top methane-emitting countries. Results showed that the prior inventory significantly overestimated methane emissions in China and Indonesia

underestimated those in Russia

India

and Bangladesh

and statistically agreed with the rest. Finally

an outlook for the application of satellite observations in the field of methane monitoring was provided

and the direction for future technical developments was discussed.

This study demonstrated the potential of using satellite observations to verify methane emission inventories. While the forward simulation is a fast but qualitative method

the inverse analyses provide a more quantitative verification of emission inventories.

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Keywords

references

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