“Remote sensing surface temperature products are important data sources for studying the evolution of urban thermal environments. However, due to factors such as long remote sensing return cycles and missing data in cloudy and rainy weather conditions, the representativeness of high-resolution surface temperature products is insufficient, which limits the study of long-term urban thermal environments at fine scales. This study utilized Landsat and MODIS remote sensing data and used spatiotemporal fusion methods to reconstruct the long-term high-resolution surface temperature mean values of the core urban area of Wuhan from 2013 to 2022. The thermal environment evolution of Wuhan was analyzed at a fine scale. The results indicate that: (1) the reconstructed high-resolution surface temperature mean product has strong consistency with ground station observation data, and can reflect the high heterogeneity of urban thermal environment spatiotemporal changes at fine scales; (2) From 2013 to 2022, the proportion of high surface temperature areas in the main urban area of Wuhan city showed a decreasing trend and expanded along the new city cluster to surrounding areas, gradually connecting the previously independent high temperature areas into patches; (3) From 2013 to 2022, the summer high surface temperature zones of various new city clusters in Wuhan showed an expansion trend, except for the Southeast New City cluster, with significant expansion in the northern, western, and southwestern regions. This study can provide support for the spatiotemporal pattern research of urban thermal environment at a fine scale, which is of great significance for the construction of urban ecological civilization and sustainable development.”