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Received：25 September 2025，
Published：07 April 2026
移动端阅览
涪城一号作为中国首颗具备干涉测量能力的商业SAR卫星，与神启号卫星作为星座协同运行，可为冰川与地质灾害的高精度监测提供新的技术途径，目前其冰川流速监测能力分析评估较为缺乏。本研究基于2023年10—11月涪城一号与2025年1—3月神启号获取的西藏自治区林芝市色东普沟流域SAR数据，结合同期Sentinel-1影像，采用像素偏移追踪POT（Pixel Offset Tracking）方法和DInSAR技术提取不同场景下的冰川表面流速，并开展系统性对比分析。POT监测结果表明：涪城一号与神启号凭借其高空间分辨率，在小尺度冰川POT位移监测中显著优于Sentinel-1，成功识别出6处冰川运动信号，最大运动速率达90 cm/d。而低分辨率的Sentinel-1数据采用满足小尺度冰川窗口无法提供足够的信息来准确识别偏移。在DInSAR干涉测量中，神启号卫星影像的重轨干涉对空间基线仅为13.89 m，远低于同期Sentinel-1基线长度，结合其高分辨率特性，表现出更优的干涉效果。但在冰川缓慢运动时期，采用短基线的Sentinel-1数据干涉效果有提升空间。在典型冰川流速监测中，涪城一号与神启号所获边界清晰度与位移特征均更符合实际冰川动态，表明了其在冰川运动精细化监测方面具有较大潜力。本研究系统评估了涪城一号与神启号在冰川监测中的综合性能，证实了其在冰川运动精细监测中的有效性与应用潜力，为发展高精度冰川遥感监测体系提供了重要依据。
Fucheng-1
China’s first commercial SAR satellite with interferometric capability
can operate in constellation with the Shenqi satellite
providing a new technical approach for high-precision monitoring of glaciers and geohazards. However
systematic evaluations of its velocity monitoring capability remain limited. This study utilizes Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data acquired by Fucheng-1 (October-November 2023) and Shenqi (January-March 2025) over Sedongpu Valley in Nyingchi City
Tibet Autonomous Region
in combination with concurrent Sentinel-1 imagery. The Pixel Offset Tracking (POT) method and the differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) technique are employed to extract glacier surface velocity in different scenarios and conduct a systematic comparative analysis. POT monitoring results indicate that because of their high spatial resolution
Fucheng-1 and Shenqi substantially outperform Sentinel-1 in POT displacement monitoring of small-scale glaciers
successfully identifying six glacier movement signals with a maximum velocity of up to 90 cm/day. By contrast
low-resolution Sentinel-1 data fail to provide sufficient information for accurate offset identification when a window suitable for small-scale glaciers is used. In terms of DInSAR
the spatial baseline of Shenqi satellite imagery’s repeat-pass interferometric pair is only 13.89 m
which is much lower than the concurrent Sentinel-1 baseline length; given its high-resolution characteristic
it exhibits superior interferometric quality. However
during periods of slow glacier movement
interferometric performance can still be improved when short-baseline Sentinel-1 data are employed. In typical glacier velocity monitoring
the boundary clarity and displacement characteristics obtained by Fucheng-1 and Shenqi are consistent with actual glacier dynamics
indicating their remarkable potential for refined monitoring of glacier movement. This study systematically evaluates the comprehensive performance of Fucheng-1 and Shenqi in glacier monitoring and confirms their effectiveness and application potential in fine glacier movement monitoring. This work provides an important basis for the development of high-precision glacier remote sensing monitoring systems.
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