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Received：25 September 2025，
Published：07 April 2026
移动端阅览
涪城一号是中国首颗具备干涉测量能力的高分辨率C波段商业SAR卫星，但其在矿区沉降监测中的监测性能尚缺乏对比性系统评估。本研究以山西大同煤田为研究区，采用小基线子集合成孔径雷达干涉技术SBAS-InSAR（Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar）对11景涪城一号进行时序解算，并与Sentinel-1、陆探一号卫星结果对比。结果表明：在时序InSAR测量方面，涪城一号共识别出57处沉降区，能够全面揭示矿区沉降分布特征；针对小范围形变区（<0.1 km²）的识别，涪城一号探测到8处，而Sentinel-1未能识别，显示其高分辨率成像在小范围矿区沉降识别上的优势。此外，从形变速度对比来看，针对较低速率形变区，两类数据识别结果能保持良好一致性；而针对较高速率形变区，涪城一号凭借更高分辨率和更大的可探测形变梯度，能够捕捉到更准确的形变信号，特别是针对小范围快速形变，涪城一号测量精准度更高。多组卫星差分InSAR对比结果显示：涪城一号监测到的形变量始终大于Sentinel-1，并在一处小形变量区比陆探一号多捕捉约23 mm，表明其相较低分辨率的Sentinel-1能探测更大形变量级，相较L波段的陆探一号则对小形变量更敏感。在相干性方面，涪城一号在相干性0.6—1.0的像素点占比达12.53%，高于Sentinel-1的7.19%，显示其在同波段条件下相干性表现更优；但低于更长L波段陆探一号的22.43%。综上，涪城一号在矿区沉降监测中展现出对小范围形变的灵敏探测优势，并兼具较大形变量级监测与小形变量响应能力，本研究可为未来国产SAR卫星在矿区沉降监测的业务化应用提供参考。
Fucheng-1 is China’s first commercial SAR satellite with high-resolution C-band capability for interferometric measurement
but its performance in mining subsidence monitoring lacks a comprehensive comparative evaluation. This study uses the Shanxi Datong Coalfield as the research area and employs Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technology to process time-series data from 11 scenes of Fucheng-1
comparing the results with those from Sentinel-1 and LuanTan-1 satellites. The results show that
in terms of time–series InSAR measurement
Fucheng-1 identified 57 subsidence areas
providing a comprehensive depiction of the mining subsidence distribution. For the detection of small-scale deformation areas (<0.1 km²)
Fucheng-1 detected 8
whereas Sentinel-1 failed to identify them
demonstrating its advantage in small-scale mining subsidence detection due to its high-resolution imaging. Moreover
when comparing deformation velocities
both data sets showed good consistency in low velocity deformation areas. However
for high velocity deformation areas
Fucheng-1
with its higher resolution and larger detectable deformation gradient
captured more accurate deformation signals
especially for small-scale rapid deformations
where Fucheng-1 demonstrated superior measurement accuracy. Multi-satellite differential InSAR comparison results revealed that Fucheng-1 consistently detected larger deformation values than Sentinel-1 and captured approximately 23 mm more deformation in a small deformation area compared to LuanTan-1
indicating that Fucheng-1
with its higher resolution
can detect larger deformation levels
while L-band LuanTan-1 is more sensitive to small deformation values. In terms of coherence
Fucheng-1 achieved 12.53% of pixels with coherence values between 0.6 and 1.0
higher than Sentinel-1’s 7.19%
showing better coherence performance under the same C-band conditions
but lower than LuanTan-1’s 22.43% with its longer L-band. In conclusion
Fucheng-1 exhibits a sensitive detection advantage for small-scale deformation in mining subsidence monitoring
with the ability to monitor both large deformation levels and small deformations. This study provides a reference for the future operational applications of domestic SAR satellites in mining subsidence monitoring.
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