山西大同矿区地表沉降涪城一号SAR卫星监测与性能对比

唐光民; 史先琳; 戴可人; 王昊; 董平; 王麒翔; 陈立福; 任维佳; 冉伟杰; 殷慧

doi:10.11834/jrs.20265389

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山西大同矿区地表沉降涪城一号SAR卫星监测与性能对比
Surface subsidence monitoring and performance comparison of Fucheng-1 SAR satellite in the Datong mining area， Shanxi
2026年30卷第4期页码：1182-1197
收稿：2025-09-25，

纸质出版：2026-04-07
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20265389
稿件说明：

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唐光民，史先琳，戴可人，王昊，董平，王麒翔，陈立福，任维佳，冉伟杰，殷慧.2026.山西大同矿区地表沉降涪城一号SAR卫星监测与性能对比.遥感学报，30（4）： 1182-1197 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20265389.

Tang G M， Shi X L， Dai K R， Wang H， Dong P， Wang Q X， Chen L F， Ren W J， Ran W J and Yin H. 2026. Surface subsidence monitoring and performance comparison of Fucheng-1 SAR satellite in the Datong mining area， Shanxi. National Remote Sensing Bulletin， 30（4）：1182-1197 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20265389.

摘要

涪城一号是中国首颗具备干涉测量能力的高分辨率C波段商业SAR卫星，但其在矿区沉降监测中的监测性能尚缺乏对比性系统评估。本研究以山西大同煤田为研究区，采用小基线子集合成孔径雷达干涉技术SBAS-InSAR（Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar）对11景涪城一号进行时序解算，并与Sentinel-1、陆探一号卫星结果对比。结果表明：在时序InSAR测量方面，涪城一号共识别出57处沉降区，能够全面揭示矿区沉降分布特征；针对小范围形变区（<0.1 km²）的识别，涪城一号探测到8处，而Sentinel-1未能识别，显示其高分辨率成像在小范围矿区沉降识别上的优势。此外，从形变速度对比来看，针对较低速率形变区，两类数据识别结果能保持良好一致性；而针对较高速率形变区，涪城一号凭借更高分辨率和更大的可探测形变梯度，能够捕捉到更准确的形变信号，特别是针对小范围快速形变，涪城一号测量精准度更高。多组卫星差分InSAR对比结果显示：涪城一号监测到的形变量始终大于Sentinel-1，并在一处小形变量区比陆探一号多捕捉约23 mm，表明其相较低分辨率的Sentinel-1能探测更大形变量级，相较L波段的陆探一号则对小形变量更敏感。在相干性方面，涪城一号在相干性0.6—1.0的像素点占比达12.53%，高于Sentinel-1的7.19%，显示其在同波段条件下相干性表现更优；但低于更长L波段陆探一号的22.43%。综上，涪城一号在矿区沉降监测中展现出对小范围形变的灵敏探测优势，并兼具较大形变量级监测与小形变量响应能力，本研究可为未来国产SAR卫星在矿区沉降监测的业务化应用提供参考。

Abstract

Fucheng-1 is China’s first commercial SAR satellite with high-resolution C-band capability for interferometric measurement

but its performance in mining subsidence monitoring lacks a comprehensive comparative evaluation. This study uses the Shanxi Datong Coalfield as the research area and employs Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technology to process time-series data from 11 scenes of Fucheng-1

comparing the results with those from Sentinel-1 and LuanTan-1 satellites. The results show that

in terms of time–series InSAR measurement

Fucheng-1 identified 57 subsidence areas

providing a comprehensive depiction of the mining subsidence distribution. For the detection of small-scale deformation areas (<0.1 km²)

Fucheng-1 detected 8

whereas Sentinel-1 failed to identify them

demonstrating its advantage in small-scale mining subsidence detection due to its high-resolution imaging. Moreover

when comparing deformation velocities

both data sets showed good consistency in low velocity deformation areas. However

for high velocity deformation areas

Fucheng-1

with its higher resolution and larger detectable deformation gradient

captured more accurate deformation signals

especially for small-scale rapid deformations

where Fucheng-1 demonstrated superior measurement accuracy. Multi-satellite differential InSAR comparison results revealed that Fucheng-1 consistently detected larger deformation values than Sentinel-1 and captured approximately 23 mm more deformation in a small deformation area compared to LuanTan-1

indicating that Fucheng-1

with its higher resolution

can detect larger deformation levels

while L-band LuanTan-1 is more sensitive to small deformation values. In terms of coherence

Fucheng-1 achieved 12.53% of pixels with coherence values between 0.6 and 1.0

higher than Sentinel-1’s 7.19%

showing better coherence performance under the same C-band conditions

but lower than LuanTan-1’s 22.43% with its longer L-band. In conclusion

Fucheng-1 exhibits a sensitive detection advantage for small-scale deformation in mining subsidence monitoring

with the ability to monitor both large deformation levels and small deformations. This study provides a reference for the future operational applications of domestic SAR satellites in mining subsidence monitoring.

关键词

Keywords

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