台风“摩羯”演变过程中的多时相SAR海面风场精细特征分析

胡清清; 王臣; 李慧敏; 李晓明

doi:10.11834/jrs.20265470

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台风“摩羯”演变过程中的多时相SAR海面风场精细特征分析
Fine-scale analysis of multitemporal SAR-Derived sea surface winds for Typhoon Yagi （2024）
2026年30卷第6期页码：1727-1742
收稿：2025-11-10，

网络首发：2026-06-17，

纸质出版：2026-06-07
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20265470
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

胡清清，王臣，李慧敏，李晓明.2026.台风“摩羯”演变过程中的多时相SAR海面风场精细特征分析.遥感学报，30（6）： 1727-1742 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20265470.

Hu Q Q，Wang C，Li H M and Li X M. 2026. Fine-scale analysis of multitemporal SAR-Derived sea surface winds for Typhoon Yagi （2024）. National Remote Sensing Bulletin， 30（6）：1727-1742 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20265470.

摘要

2024年第11号台风“摩羯”在菲律宾以东海域生成后向西北方向移动，在南海海域迅速增强为超强台风等级，给珠江三角洲地区带来严重风雨与洪涝灾害。本文基于多源合成孔径雷达SAR（Synthetic Aperture Radar）星载卫星多时相观测数据，利用500 m分辨率海面风场反演产品，经过陆地掩膜、噪声滤除、扇贝效应去除及台风中心定位等处理，提取分析台风“摩羯”演变过程中的风场精细结构参数。结果表明，“摩羯”在快速增强阶段最大风速和风圈半径均显著增大，风场结构不对称性增强，在达到超强台风后保持稳定。基于二维傅里叶变换的谱分析发现，SAR海面风场能够清晰呈现台风边界层千米尺度滚涡结构，其方向与台风外围切变场基本一致，波长集中在2—3 km，且其分布不随台风强度变化而显著改变，与当前滚涡形成及维持主要受局地风切变不稳定动力影响的认识一致。虽然本文研究数据样本有限，但初步证实了SAR在揭示台风海面风场精细结构及边界层千米尺度过程方面的巨大潜力，为后续开展多台风案例大数据统计，深入理解台风不同强度阶段的海气相互作用动力机制提供重要参考。

Abstract

Typhoon Yagi (No. 202411) formed east of the Philippines and moved northwestward. After entering the South China Sea

it rapidly intensified and reached super typhoon status. The storm subsequently unleashed severe winds

torrential rain

and catastrophic flooding across the Pearl River Delta. A thorough characterization of the fine-scale surface wind structure and its temporal evolution is fundamental to unraveling the physical mechanisms governing typhoon intensity variations and to enhancing the skill of operational forecasts. Conventional observing systems are generally insufficient for resolving fine-scale surface winds

while synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides a unique capability for all‑weather

high‑resolution wind retrieval. The growing constellation of SAR satellites now enables multi-source collaborative observations that are critical for resolving the fine‑scale wind‑field evolution and boundary‑layer structure of rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones.

The present study exploits a multi‑temporal SAR dataset consisting of 13 images acquired by Sentinel‑1

Radarsat‑2

and RCM (all C‑band) throughout the lifecycle of Typhoon Yagi

of which 9 scenes covering the inner core were retained for analysis spanning from tropical storm to super typhoon stages. Using the 500‑m‑resolution sea surface wind retrieval products

we performed land masking and applied Gaussian smoothing to suppress speckle noise

along with a uniform filter to effectively remove scalloping and inter‑swath stitching artifacts inherent in wide‑swath SAR imagery. In addition

we developed a multi‑criterion automatic localization algorithm that identifies the typhoon center by detecting wind speed minima within the eyewall and accounting for the radial wind structure. Based on these processed wind fields

we extracted and analyzed the structural parameters during the evolution of Typhoon Yagi

including maximum wind speed

95th and 99th percentile wind speeds

50‑kt and 64‑kt wind radii

and the radius of maximum wind

and further applied azimuthal Fourier decomposition to quantify the wind field asymmetry.

The results reveal that during rapid intensification

the radius of maximum wind contracted markedly while maximum wind speed

50 kt and 64 kt wind radii expanded considerably

and the winds became more asymmetric than before

all of which stabilized upon the storm’s attainment of super typhoon intensity. Owing to its 500‑m spatial resolution

the SAR‑derived wind field allowed for the unambiguous identification of kilometer‑scale roll vortices in the atmospheric boundary layer. Two‑dimensional Fourier transform spectral analysis was employed to extract the dominant orientations and wavelengths of the roll vortices. revealing that these wavelengths are predominantly concentrated between 2 and 3 km

and that the roll orientations are broadly aligned with the ambient shear field of the typhoon. Furthermore

the spatial distribution of the rolls shows no significant variation between the severe typhoon and super typhoon stages

which is consistent with the prevailing understanding that the formation and maintenance of roll vortices are primarily governed by local wind‑shear instability dynamics.

Despite limited sample size

this study demonstrates the unique potential of high-resolution SAR in capturing both axisymmetric structural evolution and kilometer-scale boundary-layer processes of typhoons. The established preprocessing and center-localization methodologies provide a robust framework for future large-sample multi-typhoon analyses

while underscoring the urgent need to incorporate boundary-layer roll effects into numerical parameterization schemes

given that current coarse-resolution models fail to resolve these fine-scale dynamical features essential to air-sea interaction.

关键词

Keywords

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