سابِق|تال

Effect of the Fresnel reflection of a water surface on Chlorophyll Fluorescence line height at approximately 761 nm

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China

  • Email：15062283573@163.com
  • Introduction：温颜沙(1994—　)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为定量遥感。E-mail：15062283573@163.com
Yansha WEN1,  
  • Affiliation：

    Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China

Jianming DENG3,  
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, SOA, Hangzhou 310012, China

Zhihua MAO2,  
  • Affiliation：

    International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China

Jing SHI1,  
  • Affiliation：

    International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China

Yang ZHOU1,  
  • Affiliation：

    International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China

Ting LU1,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China

    State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, SOA, Hangzhou 310012, China

  • Email：Luyc@nju.edu.cn
  • Introduction：陆应诚(1979—　)，男，副教授，研究方向为定量光学遥感及其应用研究，近年来一直关注海洋资源与环境光学遥感。E-mail：Luyc@nju.edu.cn
Yingcheng LU12*

ملخص

Sunlight-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SICF) is an important optical probe for the investigation of the status of marine phytoplankton and has often been used to estimate chlorophyll concentration in natural waters. SICF covers the visible and near-infrared spectral range (650—800 nm) and shows two dominant peaks at approximately 685 nm (a sharp peak) and approximately 740 nm (a broad shoulder). SICF at approximately 685 nm has been widely used in the in situ measurements or remotely sensed optical imageries for the estimation of chlorophyll concentration, but it can be disturbed by complex water backgrounds. In the downwelling solar irradiance spectrum (Ed), some of the narrow troughs in the spectral range of 700—800 nm are caused by the absorption of oxygen (O2-A) in the Earth’s atmosphere. Upwelling water-leaving radiance includes the elastic backscattering signal ( $ L_{\rm{w}}^{\rm{{\small{E}}}} $ ) and SICF (Lf) from water. Therefore, a narrow reflectance peak at approximately 761 nm can be observed in the remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) of natural waters because of the fill-in effect on the oxygen absorption feature. Then, the fluorescence line height (FLH) at approximately 761 nm can be utilized to estimate the chlorophyll concentration of natural waters. FLH (~761 nm) is affected by the Fresnel reflection radiance of the water surface when the above mentioned water method is used to collect the spectra. The spectral forms are shaped by sensors with different spectral resolutions. In this study, the influence of the spectral resolution of sensors on the shape of the spectral curve at approximately 761 nm is modeled with MODTRAN 4.0 software, given the required parameters (e.g., remote sensing reflectance of natural water and upwelling SICF radiance). Then, different Fresnel coefficients are used in FLH (~761 nm) calculation to determine the effect of Fresnel reflection on the inversion of chlorophyll concentration through SICF at approximately 761 nm. Results show that the position of the main peak shifts toward a long wavelength, and the shape changes as the spectral resolution decreases. In the analysis of the effect of Fresnel reflection, the ratio of the root-mean-square error and the difference in FLH (ΔFLH=FLH(~761 nm)max–FLH(~761 nm)min) indicate that the appropriate Fresnel reflection coefficient can reduce the effect of the Fresnel reflection of the water surface on FLH (~761 nm). Nevertheless, the SICF in the near-infrared spectral region at approximately 761 nm needs to be further analyzed because it may provide different methods for the investigation of the photosynthesis of phytoplankton in natural waters.

مفهوم

sunlight induced chlorophyll fluorescence;ocean optic;remote sensing reflectance;Fresnel reflection;fill-in effect;O2-A band

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