سابِق|تال

Bistatic SAR moving target imaging algorithm study based on GPS-R signal

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China

    Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China

    School of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China

  • Email：zhenyu.he@connect.polyu.hk
  • Introduction：何振宇，研究方向为GNSS 反射信号探测移动目标以及SAR成像。E-mail： zhenyu.he@connect.polyu.hk
HE Zhenyu123,  
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China

    Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China

YANG Yang12,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China

    Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China

  • Email：wu.chen@polyu.edu.hk
  • Introduction：陈武，研究方向为大地测量学和地球动力学、无缝定位技术、室内定位、智能交通、GNSS定位和应用。E-mail： wu.chen@polyu.edu.hk
CHEN Wu12*,  
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China

    Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China

WENG Duojie12

ملخص

Global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) is a typical fusion application of the remote sensing and navigation technology and has become a potential research direction. The use of GNSS-R for constructing a passive bistatic synthetic aperture radar (called as GNSS-SAR) has drawn great attention from the research community in recent years. Current investigations on GNSS-SAR focus on the static objects on land. However, few contributions to the moving target imaging can be found in this novel field. Imaging moving target is a long-standing subject for modern SAR systems. However, traditional GNSS-SAR image formation algorithms cannot be directly applied to the moving target due to the unknown motion. Accordingly, the moving target will be smeared and shifted in the static SAR image. To extend the application of GNSS-SAR, this work selects the global positioning system satellite as the illuminator of opportunity and proposes a frequency domain-based moving target image formation algorithm that has a higher processing efficiency than the traditional time domain-based GNSS-SAR algorithm.To image a moving target, frequency domain-based algorithm should solve three main problems: (1) The unknown range cell migration induced by the moving target should be corrected. (2) The velocity of the moving target should be estimated. (3) The azimuth compression derivation should be performed due to the bistatic acquisition geometry. To deal with the main problems, this work selects maritime moving ships as the targets of interest and constructs a bistatic acquisition geometry where the receiver and the satellite are stationary during the observation time. Meanwhile, the trajectory of the moving target perpendicular to the line of sight of the receiver antenna is used as a synthetic aperture. An approximate bistatic range history is first deduced to describe the azimuthal phase variation of the target signal based on the bistatic acquisition geometry. A keystone transform is then employed to address the unknown range cell migration, and a method based on short time Fourier transform and random sample consensus is proposed to estimate the velocity. Finally, a derivation of azimuth compression is conducted to accomplish the moving target imaging.Field experiments were carried out to validate the proposed moving target image formation algorithm. Experimental results show that: (1) The proposed velocity estimation method can obtain the velocity in a low signal-to-noise ratio scene where the least square method cannot work. The fluctuations of the target complex reflectivity will affect the velocity estimation results due to the long observation time, causing errors. However, the errors between the estimated velocities from two groups of the experimental data and the ground truth do not exceed 0.6 m/s. (2) Two targets shown in the SAR image have good accordance with the ground truth in terms of the target-to-receiver vertical distances along the range axis and the ships’ length along the cross-range axis. (3) The designed azimuth matched filter can help in judging the target’s moving direction. Nonetheless, this capability will disappear with the quasi-monostatic configuration. Therefore, the feasibility of the proposed moving image formation algorithm has been confirmed.The proposed algorithm can be used for monitoring the moving ship target and obtain the target’s velocity, length, vertical distance, and moving direction in the future.

مفهوم

GNSS-R;GNSS-SAR;moving target imaging;Keystone transform;short time Fourier transform;random sample consensus

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