سابِق|تال

Extracting icebergs freeboard from the shadows in Landsat 8 panchromatic images

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science (GCESS), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

  • Email：zhenfu_guan@mail.bnu.edu.cn
  • Introduction：关真富，研究方向为极地遥感、南极冰山测高。E-mail：zhenfu_guan@mail.bnu.edu.cn
GUAN Zhenfu1,  
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science (GCESS), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China

    Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China

    University Corporation for Polar Research (UCPR), Beijing 100875, China

CHENG Xiao1234,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science (GCESS), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China

    University Corporation for Polar Research (UCPR), Beijing 100875, China

  • Email：liuyan2013@bnu.edu.cn
  • Introduction：刘岩，研究方向为极地遥感，包括冰盖、冰架物质平衡，冰裂隙传播监测和模拟，冰架崩解机理，大气—冰架—海洋相互作用等。E-mail： liuyan2013@bnu.edu.cn
LIU Yan134*,  
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science (GCESS), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

QU Yutong1,  
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science (GCESS), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

LI Teng1

ملخص

Icebergs are formed either by the calving of the seaward margins of floating glacier tongues or ice shelves or by the fragmentation of existing icebergs. Mass loss caused by iceberg calving represents up to half of the total loss of mass from the Antarctic ice shelves. As they melt and drift with the ocean currents, icebergs provide a significant source of freshwater input to the surface layer of the ocean, enough to affect the stability of stratification in the upper ocean. Any increased freshwater in iceberg discharge, or ice shelf melt, likely has a major impact on the ocean circulation by delivering sufficient freshwater, which will play a critical role in many geophysical and biological processes. The iceberg freeboard is an important geometric parameter for measuring the thickness of an iceberg and estimating its volume. Because of the paucity of high-precision measurements on iceberg thickness, large uncertainties exist on the iceberg’s ice volume estimation of the Southern Ocean. The freeboard of large icebergs has been successfully extracted using the altimetry method. These large uncertainties exist, however, because of the insufficient altimeter coverage of various icebergs. On the basis of the fact that an iceberg can cast an elongated shadow on the surface of sea ice in winter, this study proposes a method to measure the iceberg freeboard by using shadow length and the predefined or estimated solar elevation angle. Three Landsat 8 panchromatic images with center solar elevation angles of 5.43°, 7.49°, and 11.01° on August 29, September 7, and September 16 in 2016, respectively, are selected to test our method. The shadow lengths of five isolated tabular icebergs are automatically extracted to calculate the freeboard height. For an accuracy assessment, we perform cross-validation on the matching points at different times. Results show that the measurement error of shadow length is less than one pixel. When the sun elevation angle is lower than 11.01°, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the iceberg freeboard from the 15 m panchromatic image is less than 2.0 m, and the mean absolute error (MAE) is less than 1.5 m. The experiment shows that under the angle of low solar elevation in winter, the Landsat 8 15 m panchromatic images can be used for high-precision measurement of the iceberg freeboard and has the potential to measure the Antarctic iceberg freeboard at a large scale.

مفهوم

remote sensing;Antarctic;icebergs;freeboard;shadow altimetry;Landsat 8

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