سابِق|تال

Spatial distribution and dynamics of lakes in China： Progress in remote sensing monitoring at national scale and new inventory of the maximum lake extent and change trajectory

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

    School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

  • Email：wensong_z@outlook.com
  • Introduction：张闻松，1998年生，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为水文遥感。E-mail： wensong_z@outlook.com
ZHANG Wensong12,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

  • Email：cqsong@niglas.ac.cn
  • Introduction：宋春桥，1986年生，男，研究员，研究方向为水文遥感。E-mail： cqsong@niglas.ac.cn
SONG Chunqiao1*

ملخص

Lakes play an important role in supplying water resources and sustaining human living. The broad geographical extent and complex environment of China result in the different changing patterns and complicated driving factors of lakes. The two-epoch national lake surveys provide the groundbreaking knowledge of lake distribution and change characteristics in China. Thus, an increasing number of researchers have conducted the national-scale remote sensing monitoring of lake changes with the rapid development of satellite techniques in recent years. However, evident discrepancies exist in the results and conclusions among these prior studies due to differences in level of manual quality control, lake mapping method, and the acquisition time (year and month) of used remote sensing images. Thus, comprehensively investigating their differences and causes and producing an updated lake inventory are required.We reviewed and compared the data sources, methods, and results of the existing works on national-scale remotely sensed lake changes and analyzed the causes of such differences. We also produced a new national lake inventory by interpreting the maximum water inundation area (1980—2010), which can minimize the differences of manual interpretation and lake mapping in different time periods. With the spatial constrain of maximum water extent for each lake from the new inventory, this study developed a novel approach, namely, the Probability Equivalent Area method, to detect the long-term change trajectory of China’s lakes during 1980—2010.A total of 3741 lakes in China had a maximum area exceeding 1 km2 in the past 30 years. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau lake zone accounted for approximately one-third in count and half in area of the inventoried lakes in China. The total area of China’s lakes showed an overall upward trend, but it had strong spatial heterogeneity. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Xinjiang lake zones significantly increased lake areas, while the Eastern Plain, Inner Mongolia Plateau, and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau lake zones significantly decreased lake areas. The area changes in the Northeast Plain and Mountain lake zone were statistically insignificant.This study suggested that the main causes of different results in previous remote sensing research of China’s lakes include inconsistent timing of satellite imagery, the manual interpretation standards for lakes and reservoirs, and quality assurance procedures. To produce a more accurate estimation of lake area, a new inventory dataset, which minimized interpretation differences and provided a unified spatiotemporal constraint, was proposed on the basis of our findings. A statistics-based method named the Probability Equivalent Area, which eliminated differences in satellite imagery selection, was also proposed. The lake area changing patterns and distribution of lake water resources in different lake zones are obviously imbalanced in China. China’s sparsely populated areas are generally experiencing a dramatic increase in lake area. However, the densely populated areas are experiencing a significant decline in lake area. This situation may further increase the imbalance of water resources per capita in China. Effective measures should be taken to slow down this trajectory.

مفهوم

lake remote sensing;Water Area;remote sensing monitoring;China;National Scale;global change

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