سابِق|تال

Satellite remote sensing for global stocktaking： Methods， progress and perspectives

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Aerospace Information Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

  • Email：liuly@radi.ac.cn
  • Introduction：刘良云，1975年生，男，研究员，研究方向为光学定量遥感。E-mail： liuly@radi.ac.cn
LIU Liangyun1,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Aerospace Information Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

CHEN Liangfu1,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

LIU Yi2,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

YANG Dongxu2,  
  • Affiliation：

    National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China

ZHANG Xingying3,  
  • Affiliation：

    National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China

LU Naimeng3,  
  • Affiliation：

    Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

JU weimin4,  
  • Affiliation：

    Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

JIANG Fei4,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Microsatellite Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China

YIN Zengshan5,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Microsatellite Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China

LIU Guohua5,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Microsatellite Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China

TIAN Longfei5,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Microsatellite Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China

HU Denghui5,  
  • Affiliation：

    Satellite Application Center of Ecology and Environmental Protection, MEE, Beijing 100094, China

MAO Huiqin6,  
  • Affiliation：

    Satellite Application Center of Ecology and Environmental Protection, MEE, Beijing 100094, China

LIU Sihan6,  
  • Affiliation：

    Satellite Application Center of Ecology and Environmental Protection, MEE, Beijing 100094, China

ZHANG Jianhui6,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Aerospace Information Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

LEI Liping1,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Aerospace Information Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

FAN Meng1,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Aerospace Information Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

ZHANG Yucong1,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Aerospace Information Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

ZHOU Xiang1,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Aerospace Information Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

WU Yirong1

ملخص

Climate warming has become a great challenge for global sustainable development. Under the Paris Agreement, every country must present a climate action plan in five-yearly cycles, a National Determined Contributions (NDC) report will be presented using a standard inventory approach for each country since 2020, and all countries will engage in the global stocktake every five years to assess countries’ NDC progress since 2023. The 49th session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 49) recommend a ‘top-down’ inversion approach to account greenhouse gas (GHG) emission based on space-borne atmospheric measurements. The European Union, the United States, Japan, and Canada are vigorously developing MVS (Monitoring & Verification Support) capabilities for accounting GHG emissions using satellite remote sensing. Here, we aimed to give a detailed review on the methods and progresses of satellite-based inversion for global stocktaking, and highlight the challenges and perspectives for satellite remote sensing for global stocktaking in China.Firstly, Earth observation for atmospheric GHG, including ground-based observation networks and GHG satellites, were summarized. Compared to ground-based observations, satellite remote sensing has been providing more and more accurate and higher resolution global GHG detection. In the next five years, 13 GHG satellites will be launched, with resolutions ranging from 25 m to 100 km. Secondly, the progresses of satellite remote sensing of ecosystem carbon fluxes were reviewed. There are three kinds of methods to estimate global carbon fluxes, including: the assimilation inversion method (also named as the “top-down” method), that uses atmospheric chemical transmission model and ground-based or satellite observations of atmospheric GHG to invert carbon flux； the modelling simulation method (also named as the “bottom-up” method) that uses the process model to estimate terrestrial and marine ecosystems carbon fluxes; the data-driven machine learning method that uses remote sensing datasets and metrological datasets to model the carbon uptakes of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. However, the uncertainty in the estimation results of all these top-down or bottom-up methods is still huge at regional or global scale. Thirdly, the researches on satellite monitoring of anthropogenic GHG emissions were summarized. Satellite remote sensing has been an important platform for realizing large-scale, long-term observations of anthropogenic GHG emissions. Although the current accuracy of the satellite-based observations does not fully meet the requirements of the global stocktake, satellite remote sensing has become a promising tool for verifying hot-spot, city, national and global anthropogenic emissions. Finally, the current capability of satellite remote sensing to support global carbon monitoring was assessed, and the Chinese carbon satellite future program was proposed. According the preliminary simulations based on Observation System Simulation Experiments (OSSE), the China’s next generation carbon satellite (TanSat-2) are presented. Similar to CO2M project supported by European Union, TanSat-2 will give global accurate retrieval of GHGs (1 ppm for CO2 and 10 ppb for CH4), pollution gases (1.0×1015 molecules/cm2 for NO2, 10% for CO) and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) (0.25 mw m-2·nm-1·sr-1) with a swath of 1000 km and a resolution 500 m resolution, which will provide unprecedented imaging capabilities for estimating GHG emissions.Satellite remote sensing plays extremely role in build the MVS capability for global stocktake, we provide a reference for the roadmap of the Chinese carbon monitoring program based on the preliminary OSSE simulations. It is absolutely necessary to integrate satellite remote sensing, in-situ observations, big data, carbon assimilation to achieve high precision, high-resolution scientific data on GHG fluxes at hot-spot, regional and global scales, and to effectively distinguish and quantify the flux contributions of anthropogenic GHG emissions and terrestrial carbon sinks /sources.

مفهوم

global warming;carbon stocktaking;carbon emissions;carbon sources and sinks;satellite remote sensing;assimilation

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