محتويات وقضايا الأساس في علم الاستشعار عن بعد

  • role: First author第一作者
  • Affiliation:

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

    College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

  • Email:zhangbing@aircas.ac.cn
  • Introduction:E-mail zhangbing@aircas.ac.cn
ZHANG Bing123,  
  • Affiliation:

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

    College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

LIU Qinhuo123,  
  • Affiliation:

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

LI Xiaoming1,  
  • Affiliation:

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

LIU Liangyun1,  
  • Affiliation:

    Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China

YANG Bisheng4,  
  • Affiliation:

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

HUSI Letu13,  
  • Affiliation:

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

GAO Lianru1,  
  • Affiliation:

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

ZHANG Wenjuan1,  
  • Affiliation:

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

ZHANG Hao1,  
  • Affiliation:

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

BIAN Zunjian13,  
  • Affiliation:

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

QI Mengjia1,  
  • Affiliation:

    Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China

CHEN Chi4,  
  • Affiliation:

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

SHANG Huazhe13

ملخص

منذ ستينيات القرن العشرين، كانت علم وتقنية الاستشعار عن بعد مجالاً عالي التقنية تتنافس عليه الدول الكبرى في العالم، وأصبح الوسيلة التقنية الأساسية للإنسان في دراسة علوم نظام الأرض وتكامل معلومات الفضاء متعددة المجالات. في السنوات الأخيرة، أثارت تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي المتمثلة في التعلم العميق تحولاً في نمط تحليل وتطبيق بيانات الاستشعار عن بعد المدفوعة بالبيانات، وأصبح "علم وتقنية الاستشعار عن بعد" رسميًا تخصصًا رئيسيًا في تعليم الدراسات العليا في الصين. في هذا السياق، من المهم التعمق في مناقشة محتويات وقضايا الأساس في علم الاستشعار عن بعد. ينطلق هذا المقال من الأساس الفيزيائي لعلم الاستشعار عن بعد، أي التفاعل بين الأجسام الأرضية والموجات الكهرومغناطيسية وتشكيل صور طيفية كهرومغناطيسية للاستشعار عن بعد تحت ظروف معينة، ويجمع القضايا الأساسية في علم الاستشعار عن بعد في ثلاثة خصائص وهي الإشعاع، الطيف، والفترة الزمنية، وخمسة تأثيرات هي المقياس، الغلاف الجوي، الزاوية، المجاورة، والنقل. الخصائص الأولى هي ميزات فطرية تظهر على الطيف الكهرومغناطيسي بسبب الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية للأجسام الأرضية نفسها، أما التأثيرات فهي تعبيرات وتغيرات ميزات الاستشعار عن بعد للأجسام الأرضية التي تتشكل في ظروف وأنماط رصد مختلفة مثل مقياس التصوير، ظروف الغلاف الجوي، زاوية الرصد، البيئة الخلفية، وآلية تصوير أجهزة الاستشعار. تسهم هذه المراجعة والمناقشة لمحتويات وقضايا الأساس في علم الاستشعار عن بعد في تعميق وتعزيز البحث النظري الأساسي للعلم في سياق التطور المزدهر للذكاء الاصطناعي، وكذلك في دفع الابتكار والتطوير المستمر في تقنيات اكتساب المعلومات، المعالجة، والتطبيق للاستشعار عن بعد، وتعزيز التكامل العميق بين الاستشعار عن بعد وغيرها من المجالات العلمية.

مفهوم

علم الاستشعار عن بعد;طيف الموجات الكهرومغناطيسية للأجسام الأرضية;نقل الإشعاع;تأثير المقياس;تأثير الزاوية;الإشعاع المنعكس;الإشعاع المنبعث;الليدار;الرادار ذو الفتحة التركيبية

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