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Remote sensing of total suspended matter concentration and turbidity in a macrophytic lake

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China

    Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China

  • Email：yinc0416@163.com
  • Introduction：曹引，1991年生，男，工程师，研究方向为流域水资源遥感及水循环模型数据同化。E-mail：yinc0416@163.com
CAO Yin12,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China

  • Email：yeyuntao@iwhr.com
  • Introduction：冶运涛，1983年生，男，高级工程师，研究方向为水信息与智慧流域、流域水循环模拟及水资源遥感。E-mail：yeyuntao@iwhr.com
YE Yuntao2*,  
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China

ZHAO Hongli2,  
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China

JIANG Yunzhong2,  
  • Affiliation：

    College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China

    Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China

WANG Hao12

Resümee

Remote sensing has been recognized as an effective tool for monitoring water quality in inland waters, especially in algal lakes. However, water quality in macrophytic lakes where aquatic vegetation grows because of mixed pixels is difficult to retrieve. In this study, a classification retrieval method and image data acquired between July 2014 and June 2015 using GF-1 WFV and HJ-1A/1B CCD sensors were proposed to monitor Total Suspended Matter (TSM) and turbidity in a macrophytic lake, namely, the Weishan Lake, considering aquatic vegetation phenology. In the classification retrieval method, the Weishan Lake was divided into water overlying aquatic vegetation and water area using normalized difference water index. First, a qualitative method was proposed to retrieve TSM concentration and turbidity in water overlying aquatic vegetation considering aquatic vegetation phenology. In the qualitative method, time series MODIS NDVI data were used to obtain the time–spectrum curves of aquatic vegetation in the Weishan Lake for identifying different aquatic vegetation phenological periods. The characteristics of aquatic vegetation in different phenological periods were used to estimate the TSM concentration and turbidity. Second, single band, band ratio, and partial least squares models were applied to retrieve the TSM concentration and turbidity in the water area. Finally, the temporal and spatial variations in the TSM concentration and turbidity along with aquatic vegetation in the entire Weishan Lake were analyzed. Results showed that the three main aquatic vegetation areas in the Weishan Lake, namely,Potamogeton lucens, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Potamogeton crispus, have different phenological periods. P. lucens and M. spicatum started to grow in spring, reached their peak at the end of summer, and gradually died in autumn. P. crispus started to grow in April, reached its peak at the end of spring, and quickly died in the early summer. Different aquatic vegetation areas had various indicators of TSM concentration and turbidity in different phenological periods. The TSM concentration was less than 15 mg/L in the water overlying three aquatic vegetation areas in the growth stage. The turbidity in the water overlyingP. lucens, M. spicatum, and P. crispus in the growth stage were less than 30 and 15 NTU. The death of P. lucens and M. spicatum did not result in the deterioration of water quality because of their extensive death time. However, the death of P. crispus within a short time resulted in serious deteriorations of water quality. The TSM concentration and turbidity were 15–145 mg/L and 30–140 NTU, correspondingly, in the water overlying P. crispus in the death stage. The TSM concentration and turbidity in the Weishan Lake had a significant temporal–spatial variability. The TSM concentration and turbidity in the Southwestern Weishan Lake where P. lucens and M. spicatum grew had low levels in the seasons. By contrast, the TSM concentration and turbidity in the Northeastern Weishan Lake with P. crispus growth had low levels in spring. However, they became large in summer because of the quick death of P. crispus and gradually decreased in autumn and winter. A classification retrieval method coupled with quantitative monitoring in the water overlying aquatic vegetation and qualitative monitoring in the water area was proposed to monitor the TSM concentration and turbidity in the Weishan Lake considering aquatic vegetation phenology. This method effectively monitored the temporal and spatial variations in water quality in the entire Weishan Lake. The findings indicated that the proposed method can be used to monitor the water quality in other macrophytic lakes.

Schlüsselwort

remote sensing;macrophytic lake;aquatic vegetation;time-spectrum curve;phenology;remote sensing monitoring;GF-1;HT-1

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