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Feasibility exploration of methane seismic monitoring in local areas of Sichuan and Yunnan： Taking the M6.0 earthquake in Luxian， Sichuan in september 2021 as an example

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Disaster Prevention, Langfang 065201, China

    National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China

    Key Laboratory of Emergency Satellite Engineering and Application,Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100124, China

  • Email：2381423128@qq.com
  • Introduction：王旭，研究方向为遥感地震监测。E-mail：2381423128@qq.com
WANG Xu123,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Disaster Prevention, Langfang 065201, China

    National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China

    Key Laboratory of Emergency Satellite Engineering and Application,Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100124, China

  • Email：cuijing99@163.com
  • Introduction：崔静，研究方向为卫星地震监测预测技术与方法。E-mail：cuijing99@163.com
CUI Jing123*,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Disaster Prevention, Langfang 065201, China

    National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China

    Key Laboratory of Emergency Satellite Engineering and Application,Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100124, China

WANG Lin123,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Disaster Prevention, Langfang 065201, China

LI Chenxi1,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Disaster Prevention, Langfang 065201, China

WANG Zhonghao1,  
  • Affiliation：

    National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China

    Key Laboratory of Emergency Satellite Engineering and Application,Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100124, China

SHEN Xuhui23,  
  • Affiliation：

    National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China

    Key Laboratory of Emergency Satellite Engineering and Application,Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100124, China

JIANG Wenliang23,  
  • Affiliation：

    National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China

    Key Laboratory of Emergency Satellite Engineering and Application,Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100124, China

ZHANG Jingfa23

Resümee

Studies showed that earthquakes can cause anomalies of methane gas in the atmosphere. The present study selected a certain area in Sichuan-Yunnan Province, and the Luxian earthquake in Sichuan Province in September 2021 was taken as an example. Based on methane gas products obtained by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, a hyperspectral sensor was carried by the US Earth observation satellite AQUA/Earth Observation System(AQUA/EOS). The mature Robust Satellite Technique(RST) algorithm was used to extract methane anomaly information before and after the earthquake. The background field characteristics of methane in the study area were analyzed. Moreover, the methane anomaly index time series analysis was performed for earthquakes with a magnitude of 6 or above in the region since 2008. Results showed that the methane background field in the study area is related to topography and geomorphology and has obvious spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. In particular, the difference in biodiversity and temperature is caused by seasonal changes in time, and the methane concentration regularly changes. The spatial variation is mainly related to topography and geomorphology. The seismic-related characteristic is high methane concentration at the fault and plate tectonic junction. The methane anomaly has a certain correspondence with the earthquake. This finding mainly shows that the distribution law of the temporal and spatial characteristics of methane in the regional history is broken. Moreover, the overall changes in the earthquake preparation process show certain characteristics: initial intensification, abnormal intensification, peak attenuation, and calm. The magnitude of the anomaly has no obvious relationship with the earthquake’s magnitude. However, the duration of the anomaly may be related to the magnitude of the earthquake; that is, the methane anomaly caused by the earthquake is not accidental and has a certain duration of the anomaly. In particular, the amplitude of the anomaly is greater than 2, the duration of the anomaly is at least 1 month, the amplitude of the anomaly is greater than 1, and the duration is more than 3 months. The anomaly may correspond to earthquakes in a certain region. Further research should be conducted through the comprehensive analysis of the structural and geological conditions, earthquake magnitude, and comparison of different research area radii in the following years. Conducting seismic anomaly monitoring of methane gas is feasible based on remote sensing in the local Sichuan-Yunnan region. This finding is related to the fact that the region itself is rich in hydrocarbon gas. The occurrence of earthquakes prompts the rapid migration and diffusion of underground massive hydrocarbon gas into the atmosphere along the weak zone, such as rock fissures, fault zones, and unconformity surfaces. This study preliminarily shows that the study of seismic methane anomaly in this local area is suitable for earthquakes with a similar tectonic background within the scope. Given the limitations of the study area, the follow-up study will fully consider the differences in tectonic backgrounds, combined with the distribution of oil and gas reservoirs, to conduct in-depth research outside the local area and further explore the feasibility of seismic methane anomaly monitoring.

Schlüsselwort

remote sensing;Luxian earthquake;methane;abnormal response;abnormal monitoring

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