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Transferring deep convolutional neural network models for generalization mapping of autumn crops

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

  • Email：201821051194@mail.bnu.edu.cn
  • Introduction：张凤，研究方向为农业遥感。E-mail： 201821051194@mail.bnu.edu.cn
ZHANG Feng123,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China

  • Email：zhangjs@bnu.edu.cn
  • Introduction：张锦水，研究方向为农业遥感。E-mail： zhangjs@bnu.edu.cn
ZHANG Jinshui1234*,  
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

DUAN Yaming123,  
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

YANG Zhi123

Resümee

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) have been increasingly applied in remote sensing crop recognition due to their “end-to-end” advantages and efficient extraction of shallow shape details and deep semantic features. However, deep learning models require a large number of labeled samples, which are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly to obtain, limiting the 2016—2020 period. The U-net model based on CDL training can be popularized and applied in the United States. First, the overall accuracy of time generalization in the three test areas in the United States from 2016 to 2020 is more than 80%, and the recognition accuracy of corn is higher than that of soybeans. Deep learning models have good transferability in space. Second, for autumn grain in Heihe City, the average recognition accuracy of corn for many years is 3% higher than that of soybean. This is because the corn planting plot is more regular and the planting scale is higher than that of soybean; the overall accuracy of autumn grain identification in a single year is between 69% and 79%. The year classification model is better than the single-year classification model, which may be because the representativeness of the training samples is enhanced with the increase of the number of labeled samples, and the difference in autumn grain planting between China and the United States can be compensated by the expansion of the number of samples. However, the model is migrated to the Heihe region of China. The accuracy of the models is lower than that of the continental United States, which is due to the inconsistency of remote sensing response characteristics due to differences in intercontinental climate and crop planting habits. These, in turn, reduce the generalization performance of the model. The DCNN model is better than random forest algorithm because of the training process driven by big data. The principle of transferring the basic trained crop classification model to map crop distribution timely and accurately has broad prospects for application across a large scale of time and space. The consistency of remote sensing features and phenology of the crops of the test area compared to the training data are fundamental factors that must be carefully considered, as these determine the success of high crop mapping performance. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the prerequisites when transferring the model to other places.

Schlüsselwort

remote sensing;transfer learning;CDL;time-space generalization;soybeans;maize

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