Fortschritt und Perspektiven in der Forschung zum Monitoring und zur Warnung von Pflanzenkrankheiten und -schädlingen mittels Fernerkundung

  • role: First author第一作者
  • Affiliation:

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

  • Email:huangwj@aircas.ac.cn
  • Introduction:E-mailhuangwj@aircas.ac.cn
HUANG Wenjiang1,  
  • Affiliation:

    School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China

ZHANG Jingcheng2,  
  • Affiliation:

    National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China

HUANG Linsheng3,  
  • Affiliation:

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

DONG Yingying1,  
  • Affiliation:

    National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China

ZHAO Jinling3,  
  • Affiliation:

    School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China

YUAN Lin4,  
  • Affiliation:

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

LIU Linyi1,  
  • Affiliation:

    School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China

MA Huiqin2,  
  • Affiliation:

    National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China

RUAN Chao3

Resümee

Pflanzenkrankheiten und -schädlinge sind als wichtige Bedrohungen für die Agrar- und Forstwirtschaft sowie die Gesundheit von Ökosystemen, unter dem Hintergrund des globalen Klimawandels weiterhin verstärkt. Die grüne, effiziente und präzise Kontrolle von Krankheiten und Schädlingen hängt von hochwertigen Überwachungs- und Warninformationen ab. Im Vergleich zu traditionellen Methoden des Pflanzenschutzmeldewesens hat das sich schnell entwickelnde Fernerkundungspotenzial das Interesse und die Anerkennung von Wissenschaftlern und Regierungen verschiedener Länder für das Krankheits- und Schädlingsmeldewesen auf sich gezogen. Dieser Artikel konzentriert sich darauf, wie in den letzten Jahren die Fernerkundungstechnologie systematisch im Monitoring und der Warnung von Pflanzenkrankheiten und -schädlingen eingesetzt wurde, und präsentiert Fortschritte in Technologie, Methoden und Modellen, analysiert die aktuellen Hauptprobleme auf diesem Gebiet und skizziert zukünftige Trends. Zunächst haben sich die Beobachtungsdaten der Fernerkundung, die aus Satelliten, Flugzeugen, unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen und bodennahen Sensoren, die sich kontinuierlich in Modalität und Leistung verbessern, zusammensetzen, als kritische Datenquelle für das Meldewesen von Krankheiten und Schädlingen erwiesen, die sich immer besser an die Anforderungen des Kartierungsmeldewesens von Krankheiten und Schädlingen und des Habitatmonitorings anpassen können. Bei der Fernerkundung des Krankheits- und Schädlingsmonitorings extrahieren die spektrale Analyse und die Bildanalyse als zwei Hauptmethoden aus verschiedenen Perspektiven entscheidende informationen aus den Fernerkundungsdaten; parallel dazu bietet die Anwendung von zeitlicher Analysetechnologie ein effektives Mittel zur Überwachung von Krankheits- und Schädlingsprozessen und zur Unterscheidung zwischen verschiedenen Belastungen. In Bezug auf die Frühwarnung von Krankheiten und Schädlingen durch Fernerkundung werden Informationen aus verschiedenen Quellen zur Überwachung verschiedener Habitatfaktoren verwendet und dann mit verschiedenen statistischen Modellen, maschinellem Lernen, Tiefenlernen und mechanistischen Modellen gekoppelt, um eine weiträumige Warnung von Krankheiten und Schädlingen zu erreichen; genau durch die Einbeziehung von Fernerkundungsinformationen konnte die Warnung von Krankheiten und Schädlingen von einem Punkt zu einem Flächenbereich und von einer statischen zu einer dynamischen Entwicklung erweitert werden, wodurch die Fähigkeit zur dynamischen raumzeitlichen Prognose erweitert wird.

Schlüsselwort

Pflanzenkrankheiten und -schädlinge; Fernerkundung; Monitoring; Warnung; Fortschritt; Perspektiven

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