In China

hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome（HFRS） is still endemic in 31 of 32 provinces

autonomous regions and metropolis

and accounts for 90% of the HFRS cases reported globally.Some studies indicated that HFRS incidence was significantly different among different precipitation

temperature level

land-cover

soil types and normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI）.The current study proposed to explore the temporal relationship between the inter-annual variation in the number of cases of human disease caused by hantavirus and time series of NDVI in order to predicate the trend and level of the case number of HFRS.Dayangshu district in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was selected as the study area.Based on Landsat TM image

the land-use of this district was divided into four categories:hill

forest

farm-land and residence area.The relationship between the case number of HFRS and time series NDVI was explored by using graphic demonstration

correlation test and linear regression analyses.The study indicated that the highest correlation coefficient was 0.67（P value<0.001） between three months backward NDVI and the number of cases of HFRS in farmland.The result also indicated that the peak of cases happened 3 months later than the peak of monthly NDVI.This study quantified the temporal relationship between NDVI and the number of the cases of HFRS.