Scene classification of remote sensing image using ensemble convolutional neural network

Donghang YU; Baoming ZHANG; Chuan ZHAO; Haitao GUO; Jun LU

doi:10.11834/jrs.20208273

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Scene classification of remote sensing image using ensemble convolutional neural network
Vol. 24, Issue 6, Pages: 717-727(2020)
Published： 07 June 2020 ，
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20208273

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余东行,张保明,赵传,郭海涛,卢俊.2020.联合卷积神经网络与集成学习的遥感影像场景分类.遥感学报,24(6): 717-727

YU Donghang,ZHANG Baoming,ZHAO Chuan,GUO Haitao,LU Jun. 2020. Scene classification of remote sensing image using ensemble convolutional neural network. Journal of Remote Sensing(Chinese)，24(6): 717-727
余东行,张保明,赵传,郭海涛,卢俊.2020.联合卷积神经网络与集成学习的遥感影像场景分类.遥感学报,24(6): 717-727 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20208273.

YU Donghang,ZHANG Baoming,ZHAO Chuan,GUO Haitao,LU Jun. 2020. Scene classification of remote sensing image using ensemble convolutional neural network. Journal of Remote Sensing(Chinese)，24(6): 717-727 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20208273.

摘要

针对人工设计的中、低层特征难以实现复杂场景影像的高精度分类以及卷积神经网络依赖大量训练数据等问题，结合迁移学习与集成学习，提出了一种联合卷积神经网络与集成学习的遥感影像场景分类算法。首先基于迁移学习的思想，利用在自然影像数据集上训练好的多个深层卷积神经网络模型作为特征提取器，提取图像多个高度抽象的语义特征；然后构建由Logistic回归和支持向量机组成的Stacking集成模型，对同一图像的多个特征分别训练Logistic模型，将预测概率结果融合构建概率特征；最后利用支持向量机对概率特征训练和预测，得到场景影像的分类结果。利用UCMerced_LandUse和NWPU-RESISC 45两种不同规模的遥感影像数据集进行试验，即使在只有10%的数据作为训练样本情况下，本文方法能够分别达到90.74%和87.21%的分类精度。

Abstract

Scene classification and recognition of remote sensing image is an important task for image interpretation. High-resolution remote sensing images have rich spatial texture features and semantic information

and their scene categories are diversified. As a result

images in the same category have a huge difference and some images in different categories become similar. which makes images difficult to be classified and recognized correctly. Therefore

choosing effective features and classification algorithms can improve classification performance. In this case

high-precision classification can only be achieved by selecting effective features and classifiers.

Traditional scene classification algorithms adopt low-level or mid-level handcrafted features. These features have poor ability to represent high-level semantic information of images

which makes it difficult to achieve satisfactory results on massive complex scene images difficult. Deep learning

especially convolutional neural networks

has made great progress in computer vision. Compared with the methods using handcrafted features

deep learning is currently the most effective way for image classification. The application of a convolutional neural network to remote sensing image classification has achieved higher precision than methods using traditional handcrafted features. However

training a deep convolutional neural network that has too many parameters needs many labeled images

and the process of training is complicated and time-consuming. Generally

a deep convolutional neural network would not perform well with only a few images.

A method for image classification using an ensemble convolutional neural network is proposed to improve the performance of convolutional neural networks. The method is composed of three main phases

namely

preprocessing

feature extraction

and ensemble learning. Firstly

the preprocessing stage includes geometry normalization

image intensity normalization

and image augmentation. Secondly

the feature extraction phase considers several deep convolutional neural networks

which have been well pre-trained on ImageNet

and are chosen to remove the last classification layer in the network and to extract different deep features of the same image. Thirdly

a stacking model is constructed in the ensemble learning phase. The stacking model consists of base and meta classifiers. The base classifier is composed of several logistic regression modes that are used to train different features extracted by deep convolutional neural networks. The meta classifier is a support vector machine. Finally

the probability distribution predicted by the base classifier is used to construct a new dataset that would be trained by the meta classifier.

Experiments were conducted on two datasets named UCMerced_LandUse and NWPU-RESISC45 to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with state-of-the-art methods

the proposed method performed better in overall accuracies. The proposed method could greatly improve performance and achieve overall accuracies of 90.74% and 87.21% on the two datasets

respectively

even with only 10% data used for training.

With transfer learning

the features extracted by the deep convolutional neural networks are highly abstract and semantic

which have better ability in classification than other handcrafted features. Through feature fusion and model transferring

the advantages of different features and classification methods could be synthetically utilized. In this way

high classification accuracy could be achieved even with very little training data.

关键词

遥感影像场景分类卷积神经网络迁移学习集成学习

Keywords

remote sensing imagescene classificationconvolutional neural networktransfer learningensemble learning

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