Survey on object detection in tilting box for remote sensing images

ZHANG Lei; ZHANG Yongsheng; YU Ying; MA Yongzheng; JIANG Huaigang

doi:10.11834/jrs.20210247

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Survey on object detection in tilting box for remote sensing images
Vol. 26, Issue 9, Pages: 1723-1743(2022)
Received：20 June 2020，

Published：07 September 2022
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20210247
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

张磊，张永生，于英，马永政，姜怀刚.2022.遥感图像倾斜边界框目标检测研究进展与展望.遥感学报，26（9）： 1723-1743 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20210247.

Zhang L，Zhang Y S，Yu Y，Ma Y Z and Jiang H G. 2022. Survey on object detection in tilting box for remote sensing images. National Remote Sensing Bulletin， 26（9）：1723-1743 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20210247.

摘要

遥感图像目标检测是遥感图像处理中的一个基本问题，尤其是伴随着深度学习以及遥感影像获取等技术的发展与突破，基于深度学习的遥感图像目标检测得到了广泛的关注。区别于自然图像，遥感图像中的物体目标具有方向任意的特点，众多国内外学者提出一系列基于倾斜边界框的遥感图像目标检测算法，推动了遥感图像目标检测的提升。为使得相关领域研究者对基于深度学习的遥感图像倾斜框目标检测的理论、流程及其现存问题有一个比较全面的认知，本文将对其进行系统的整理和归纳。

Abstract

Object detection is a fundamental aspect of remote sensing image processing. With the development of remote sensing image acquisition and the breakthrough in deep learning

object detection in aerial imagery based on deep learning has attracted considerable interest. Although significant progress has been made

there are still numerous obstacles due to the large-scale and highly complex backgrounds of optical remote sensing images. In addition

approaches based on horizontal proposals for common object detection frequently suffer from the mismatch issue when detecting densely arranged and arbitrarily oriented objects in aerial imagery. Therefore

numerous domestic and international researchers have proposed tilting box object detection algorithms based on deep learning that enhances the object detection effect of remote sensing images. This paper systematically organizes and summarizes them for researchers in related fields to comprehensively understand the theory

process

and existing problems of deep learning-based remote sensing image tilting box object detection.

In this paper

we first analyze the limitations of Horizontal Bounding Box (HBB) object detection algorithms applied to remote sensing images

namely

the introduction of background noise

inappropriate post-processing operation

Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS)

and the inability to accurately determine the orientation of objects

which can be remedied by the tilting bounding box object detection method.

Following this

we list the classical HBB object detection algorithms based on deep learning and briefly describe their underlying principles. Then

the development of the tilting bounding box object detection algorithm and the process of improving the two-stage tilting bounding box object detection algorithm is described from three perspectives: the feature extraction network

anchor boxes

and the proposed region design. Finally

the one-stage detection algorithm’s loss function has been studied infrequently

so the two algorithms are merely introduced.

In the fourth section

the detection performance of existing tilt box object detection algorithms is demonstrated on two publicly available and challenging aerial datasets (

i.‍e.

DOTA and HRSC2016). The comparison results of the three tables indicate that a particular object feature enhancement module must be designed to account for the uniqueness of the objects in remote sensing images and that the RSE problem in the algorithm for detecting tilting bounding boxes requires additional consideration. Although the one-stage detection algorithm is marginally less accurate than the two-stage algorithm

it has clear advantages in terms of efficiency and therefore has some research value.

The paper concludes with a six-point summary of the tilt box target detection algorithm’s existing problems and an outlook on its future development trend.

关键词

Keywords

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