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Received：08 July 2021，
Published：07 October 2023
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星载微波湿度计观测的地球表面和大气的亮温是数值天气预报和气候研究的重要基础数据源。由于微波湿度计系统响应特性差异、在轨工作条件的变化，以及星上定标基准的差异，不同卫星微波湿度计、同一微波湿度计数据在长时间范围内都存在一定的偏差。如果这些偏差不进行修正，则会对长时间序列应用（如气候研究等）具有较大的影响，甚至可能导致错误的结果。由于微波辐射目前还不存在绝对基准，无法通过地面绝对基准的传递进行星上数据的绝对定标，因此需要利用其他相对定标方法对湿度计的稳定性及其变化特征进行评价。本文基于OMB（模拟和观测数差）定标的思想，结合微波湿度计的系统响应特性和星上定标基本原理，建立了微波湿度计定标偏差的校正模型—再定标模型，从而实现历史数据的一致性定标。初步研究结果表明：使用再定标模型后，FY-3C微波湿度计-II定标结果的时间序列稳定，原始OMB偏差中的各种异常波动现象得到良好修正。由于该模型是基于微波湿度计的系统响应特性建立的，因此这一方法同样适用于其他FY-3系列卫星微波湿度计数据的定标偏差校正，实现FY-3系列卫星微波湿度计数据的一致性定标。
The microwave radiation data of the earth’s surface and atmosphere observed by the spaceborne microwave radiometer are a basic source for numerical weather prediction and climate research. Certain bias exists between the data of different or the same radiometers over a long period of time due to the difference in the response characteristics and calibration absolute reference between each sounder and variation of the on-orbit working conditions. If these biases are not corrected
then they will have significant implications for long time series applications (such as climate studies) and may even lead to erroneous results. In addition
absolute calibration of onboard data cannot be performed because the absolute reference for calibration is unobtainable at present. Therefore
other relative calibration methods should be used to evaluate the stability and variation characteristics of the radiometer. In this paper
a correction model for the calibration biases of the microwave humidity sounder is established
considering the principle of system responses and on-orbit calibration
which is also called re-calibration methods
based on OMB technique (observed brightness temperature (O) minus simulated brightness temperature (B)). Using the re-calibration methods
L1 level observation data of the FY-3C microwave humidity sounder were analyzed and the re-calibration coefficients were calculated. Then
the re-calibration coefficients were verified using two data sets. The residual and validation results show that the time series of the recalibration findings is stable
and some abnormal fluctuations in the original OMB biases have been well corrected after re-calibration
indicating that the re-calibration methods are valid. The method is based on the system responses of microwave humidity sounder. Therefore
it is also applicable to other FY-3 series satellite microwave humidity sounders for calibration bias correction. When using the same Radiative Transfer (RT) model
this re-calibration methods can achieve consistent calibration of FY-3 series satellite microwave humidity sounder data.
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