Spatio-temporal variations of night-time lights at early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States

XU Gang; WANG Chuanli; MENG Qingxiang; XIU Tianyu; LI Xi

doi:10.11834/jrs.20221645

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Spatio-temporal variations of night-time lights at early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States
Vol. 26, Issue 9, Pages: 1777-1788(2022)
Received：22 October 2021，

Published：07 September 2022
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20221645
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

许刚，王传立，孟庆祥，修田雨，李熙.2022.COVID-19疫情初期美国城市夜间灯光时空变化分析.遥感学报，26（9）： 1777-1788 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20221645.

Xu G，Wang C L，Meng Q X，Xiu T Y and Li X. 2022. Spatio-temporal variations of night-time lights at early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States. National Remote Sensing Bulletin， 26（9）：1777-1788 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20221645.

摘要

为应对COVID-19疫情而采取的非药物干预措施显著改变了城市社会经济活动，但其变化特征和时空模式仍不明确。本研究以美国20个大城市为例，获取NPP-VIIRS月度合成数据分析2020年2—4月COVID-19疫情初期城市夜光亮度变化的空间格局、衰减特征和用地类型差异。结果表明，疫情防控措施导致美国城市夜光亮度普遍变暗，平均降低5%—8%。夜光变化呈现明显“中心—边缘”空间结构特征，夜光降低幅度随到城市中心距离增加而减小。不同用地类型夜光变化幅度存在差异，纽约居住用地和航空设施用地夜光亮度降低幅度最明显，分别下降12%和11%。芝加哥各类用地夜光亮度普遍下降20%左右，除体育设施用地外，其他各类用地夜光亮度一个月后有所恢复。夜光遥感有效反映了城市社会经济活动变化，在监测评估突发事件社会影响方面具有重要应用。

Abstract

The COVID-19 epidemic swept the world and continues to spread. Without effective medical treatments and vaccine during the early stage of the pandemic

local governments in various countries had to lock down cities and adopt non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)

such as the stay-at-home order and social distancing. The NPIs against the COVID-19 epidemic have significantly changed the socio-economic activities in cities. However

the characteristics and patterns of urban socio-economic activities under this influence are still unclear. Given the development of earth observation technologies

large-scale changes in socioeconomic activities can be captured by satellites through remotely sensed Night-Time Lights (NTLs). In this study

we selected 20 major cities in the United States

including Atlanta

Chicago

Dallas

Denver

Detroit

Houston

Kansas City

Los Angeles

Miami

Minneapolis

New York

Orlando

Philadelphia

Phoenix

Pittsburgh

Salt Lake City

San Francisco

Seattle

Saint Louis

Washington D.C.

to analyze the spatio-temporal variations of NTLs caused by the lockdown of cities. The first round of the COVID-19 epidemic occurred in the United States in mid-March 2020. Since March 2020

American cities have successively issued stay-at-home orders

but differences in the time and strictness of policy implementation were noted. Large cities have higher population density and intensity of social activities

so they are more susceptible to infectious diseases. The diversity of lockdown dates and the strictness of lockdowns in the cities in the United States are conducive to investigating the spatio-temporal variations of NTL. We acquired monthly averaged NTLS products of February

March

and April 2020

which were from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Platform NPP. We further analyzed the spatial pattern

distance decay

and disparities in land use types of changes in the NTLs. Results show that the NTLs generally dimmed by 5%—8% in U.S. cities because of the lockdown of cities. In six cities

the luminous brightness dropped by more than 10%: Chicago

Dallas

Denver

Detroit

Minneapolis

and St. Louis. Among them

Minneapolis showed the largest decrease in luminous brightness

with a decrease of approximately 40% in March. The spatial change of the NTLs shows an obvious “core-periphery” pattern

indicating that the reduction of the NTLs declined with the distance from the city center

mainly because the central area of the city is a concentrated commercial area. After the closure of the city

commercial activities dropped significantly

resulting in an obvious reduction in NTLs around the city centers. The reduction of the NTLs varied among the diverse urban land use types. In New York

the NTL decreased the most on land for residence and aviation facilities by 12% and 11%

respectively. In Chicago

the NTL generally decreased by 20% in all types of urban land

and NTL recovered after one month of the lockdown of the cities in other urban lands

except the sports facilities land. This study only analyzed the spatio-temporal changes of NTLs. In the future

the results of this study can be combined with multi-source data to explain the driving force of NTL changes. Night-time light remote sensing effectively reflects the urban socio-economic dynamics with an important application in monitoring and assessing the socio-economic impacts of emergencies.

关键词

Keywords

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