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Received：24 April 2022，
Published：07 March 2023
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卫星遥感载荷在轨绝对辐射定标对保证不同来源产品的辐射一致性和提升高分共性产品反演精度至关重要。传统基于人工同步测量的场地定标方法由于受到卫星过境时刻成像条件、地表及大气测量条件等限制，难以满足准确校正遥感载荷自身辐射性能在生命周期内变化的需求。本文针对国产高分六号宽幅载荷（GF-6/WFV）大角度观测的特点，提出了利用自动辐射定标场的GF-6/WFV载荷在轨时序绝对辐射定标方法，基于该方法可得到载荷可量化的时序绝对辐射定标结果及其不确定度，并且通过显著提升在轨定标频次实现卫星载荷辐射性能的趋势变化持续跟踪。基于该方法实现了2019年8月至2021年10月期间过境自动辐射定标场41频次的GF-6/WFV自动辐射定标且定标结果的不确定度优于5%（第7波段除外），对时序定标结果进行趋势分析得到GF-6/WFV载荷各波段辐射定标系数年变化在1.10%—4.59%；此外，以高精度在轨卫星载荷MODIS和Sentinel-2/MSI为参考的GF-6/WFV载荷第1至第4波段交叉验证结果的相对差异绝对平均值在2.12%—6.09%。说明本文方法可实现GF-6/WFV载荷的时序在轨绝对辐射定标和全生命周期辐射性能的趋势变化监测，有效支撑国产高分共性遥感产品生产和提升国产遥感数据定量化应用水平。
The on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration of satellite remote sensing payloads is crucial to ensuring the radiometric consistency of products from different sources and improving the inversion accuracy of high spatial resolution products. The traditional site calibration method based on manual synchronous measurement is limited by the imaging
surface and atmospheric measurement conditions at the time of satellite overpassing
which is difficult to meet the needs of correcting the radiometric performance change accurately during the life cycle. In this paper
according to the characteristics of large viewing angle observation of the wide width sensor onboard Gaofen6 satellite (GF-6/WFV)
a time series absolute radiometric calibration method for the GF-6/WFV sensor with automatic radiometric calibration site is proposed. The proposed method not only can track the trend of satellite payload radiation performance by significantly increasing the frequency of on-orbit calibration
but also can give the calibration results with uncertainties. Based on proposed method
41 of frequencies automatic radiometric calibration results of GF-6/WFV sensor were calculated from August 2019 to October 2021
and the traceability uncertainty of the calibration results was better than 5% (except for the 7th band). The trend analysis of the time series calibration results shows that the annual variation of the radiometric calibration coefficients of the GF-6/WFV sensor are from 1.10% to 4.59%. In addition
the high-precision in-orbit satellite payloads MODIS and Sentinel-2/MSI are used as reference to cross validate the GF-6/WFV sensor’s calibration results. And
the averaged absolute relative differences of the cross validation were between 2.12% to 6.09% respect to the bands 1 to 4 of GF-6/WFV sensor. The proposed method in this paper can realize the time-series on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration of the GF-6/WFV sensor and its radiometric performance trend change monitoring during the whole life cycle
which can effectively support the production of high spatial resolution remote sensing products and improve the quantitative application level of Chinese remote sensing data.
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