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Received：30 September 2025，
Published：07 May 2026
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将全球降水测量卫星GPM（Global Precipitation Measurement）搭载的Ku/Ka双频测雨雷达DPR（Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar）和X波段地基雷达GR（Ground-based Radar）数据进行对比，以更好地了解二者的差异性和相似性，对星地雷达联合应用和X波段地基雷达定标校正有重要意义。本文通过质量控制、时空匹配、频率校正，获得2023年5—9月淮河流域凤阳X波段地基雷达和GPM KuPR反射率因子共8483组匹配样本，评估了凤阳X波段地基雷达和GPM KuPR反射率因子的一致性以及不同降水强度、类型和相态的影响。结果表明：GR和GPM KuPR探测到的降水回波分布型大体一致，但GR探测到的降水回波强度比GPM KuPR探测到的大。GR和GPM KuPR反射率因子呈现正相关，总体相关系数为0.73，GR反射率因子高于GPM KuPR，总体平均偏差为2.71 dB。GR和GPM KuPR反射率因子在轻度和中度降水时吻合良好，两种雷达偏差（GR-KuPR）均值在±5 dB以内，在强降水时两种雷达偏差绝对值增大。降水为小粒子时，两种雷达反射率因子吻合良好，偏差（GR-KuPR）均值在±5 dB以内，大粒子时偏差绝对值增大。在层状降水和亮带以下液态降水时，GR和GPM KuPR反射率因子一致性更好，相关系数分别为0.72、0.73，平均偏差分别为3.28 dB、2.82 dB，在对流降水和亮带以内混合态降水、亮带以上冰相降水，GR和GPM KuPR反射率因子一致性稍差，相关系数小于0.65。总体来说，在层状降水和液态降水时，X波段地基雷达和GPM DPR具有联合应用潜力，在强降水和复杂的气象条件时需要更进一步的处理。
The Ku/Ka Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) aboard the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite provides valuable data for studying precipitation characteristics. Comparing DPR data with X-band ground-based radar (GR) data is essential for understanding their similarities and differences
which in turn supports the integrated application of space-borne and ground-based radar systems and facilitates the calibration and correction of X-band ground-based radar.
In this study
a total of 8
483 matched samples of reflectivities from Fengyang X-band ground-based radar located in the Huai River Basin and GPM KuPR were collected
from May to September 2023. These samples were obtained after undergoing rigorous quality control
spatio-temporal matching
and frequency calibration. Based on these samples
the consistency of reflectivities between the Fengyang X-band radar and GPM KuPR was conducted. Furthermore
the impact of varying precipitation intensities
precipitation types
and precipitation phases on the consistency between the two instruments was analyzed.
Results indicate that the precipitation echo patterns detected by GR and GPM KuPR are generally consistent
although GR tends to detect stronger echo intensities. The reflectivities of GR and GPM KuPR show a positive correlation
with an overall correlation coefficient of 0.73. The reflectivities of GR are higher than that of GPM KuPR
and the overall average deviation is 2.71 dB. During light and moderate precipitation
the reflectivities of GR and GPM KuPR agree well
with average deviations (GR - KuPR) within ±5 dB. However
during heavy precipitation
the absolute deviation increases significantly. When precipitation consists of small particles
the reflectivities measured by the two radars exhibit good agreement
with average deviations (GR - KuPR) within ±5 dB. In the case of large precipitation particles
the absolute deviation increases significantly. In stratiform precipitation and liquid precipitation below the bright band
the consistency between GR and GPM KuPR is relatively high
with correlation coefficients of 0.72 and 0.73
and average deviations of 3.28 dB and 2.82 dB
respectively. Conversely
in convective precipitation
mixed precipitation within the bright band
and ice-phase precipitation above the bright band
the consistency is relatively lower
with correlation coefficients below 0.65.
Overall
X-band ground-based radar and GPM DPR demonstrate potential for combined application in stratiform and liquid precipitation
but further calibration and processing are required for heavy precipitation and complex meteorological conditions.
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