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Analysis on the radiation effects of a charge-coupled device in a space debris detection satellite in orbit

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China

  • Email：lydong@ms.xjb.ac.cn
  • Introduction：李豫东，1982年生，男，研究员，研究方向为星用光电器件、空间光电探测系统的辐射效应与机理、试验评估方法及抗辐射设计技术。E-mail：lydong@ms.xjb.ac.cn
Yudong LI1,  
  • Affiliation：

    Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China

Lin WEN1,  
  • Affiliation：

    Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, China

Jianyu HUANG2,  
  • Affiliation：

    Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China

Yan WEN3,  
  • Affiliation：

    Shanghai Engineering Center For Microsatellites, Shanghai 201203, China

Keke ZHANG4,  
  • Affiliation：

    Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China

Qi GUO1

résumé

High-performance Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) are the preeminent detectors for space-based photoelectric detection. However, the vulnerability of CCDs to radiation damage in the space radiation environment is a serious threat to space imaging applications in terms of earth-observing spectral measurement and space debris detection. Observing the in-orbit radiation effects of CCDs used in a space imaging system is crucial. This kind of work can provide essential data for the in-orbit maintenance and future design of a space mission. Through calculation and analysis using plenty of in-orbit images generated by a space debris detection experiment satellite, several kinds of imaging abnormalities caused by the space radiation environment of the satellite are observed. The radiation damage on the CCD imager used in the satellite’s visible camera is assessed. First, the abnormal phenomenon of imaging functions is described. Second, transient effects and hot pixels induced by protons in the space environment are analyzed. In addition, the total ionizing dose effects and displacement damage of the CCD imager are estimated to help predict the long-term in-orbit performance of the device. The transient effects mainly result from the instantaneous ionization in pixel structures induced by protons from the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). When the satellite traversed the SAA, the number of transient effects is changed in proportion to the proton flux in this position in the SAA. The number of transient effects for one traversing agrees with the Gaussian distribution. All the hot pixels present a high dark current several times larger than that of most normal pixels. The number of hot pixels increase with the time in-orbit of the satellite. The increase is almost linear with the run time or the times passed through the SAA. The hot pixels are mainly attributed to the single particle displacement damage induced by energetic protons in the SAA. No observable correlation is noted between hot pixels and transient effects. The principal influence on the CCD imager is the increase of hot pixels with the time in-orbit. Even in the early stage after the launch of the satellite, the influence of CCD’s hot pixels may be significant, an outcome that is clearly different from the accumulated radiation damage (total ionizing dose effects and accumulated displacement damage) on CCDs. The results of the above work suggest that critical information is obtained for operational risk assessment and in-orbit management of the satellite. In addition, the methodology is formed for in-orbit radiation degradation prediction on image sensor and optical payload. The method may be useful for radiation hardness on a space-based debris detection satellite, which is situated in either low or high earth orbit. The mechanisms of hot pixels generated by proton bombardment still require further study.

mots-clés

space debris detection;charge-coupled device;radiation effects;in-orbit analysis;transient effects;hot pixels

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