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Research status of satellite altimeter calibration

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China

  • Email：leiyang@fio.org.cn
  • Introduction：杨磊，1988年生，男，工程师，研究方向为海洋遥感和测绘。E-mail：leiyang@fio.org.cn
Lei YANG1,  
  • Affiliation：

    First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China

Xinghua ZHOU1,  
  • Affiliation：

    Marine Environment Special Office of the Chinese People’ Liberation Army, Beijing 100081, China

Quanjun XU2,  
  • Affiliation：

    Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China

Baogui KE3,  
  • Affiliation：

    National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing 100081, China

Bo MU4,  
  • Affiliation：

    Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China

    University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China

Lin ZHU56

résumé

Satellite altimetry is one of the most important remote sensing technologies used over oceans, and it can dramatically promote ocean science in different disciplines. Since 2011, China has launched the HY-2A and HY-2B satellite altimeters to provide spatially dense data with a 14 day–time frequency to the international altimetry community. Calibration is an important work to maintain the high accuracy of the satellite altimeter data. Following the launch of HY-2A and HY-2B, as well as new satellites to be launched in the near future, the long time series of altimetry data will likely be achieved. The importance of altimeter calibration in guaranteeing the accuracy of satellite data and the consistency of long time series measurements will also likely become prominent. This paper summarizes the research progress and the status of the main calibration technology at the global level. The calibration methods are generally categorized into absolute and relative sets. Each method is briefly described along with its calibration principle and its merits and demerits. The instructions for the methods of tide gauge, GNSS buoy, and the crossover calibration between different satellites are given in detail, especially since they have been discussed comprehensively in the operational calibration literature. The calibration methods based on the transponder, ARGO, and tide gauge networks are briefly described given their supplementary roles. The existing progress and application of Chinese calibration sites are also presented. The geodetic survey and the surface subsidence over the Qianliyan calibration site and the calibration results for HY-2A, Jason-2 and Jason-3, Saral, and Sentinel-3A are demonstrated in detail. Then, the Wanshan sites and the planning calibration network in the Chinese coastal area are introduced. Furthermore, the wet delay of the troposphere, as measured by Jason-2 AMR in 2010—2016, is evaluated by considering one site from the Chinese coastal GNSS network, thus proving the feasibility of calibrating the microwave radiometer wet delay through the Chinese coastal GNSS network. In the last section, we summarize the problems obtained from the present research and provide suggestions for calibrating and correcting the domestic satellite altimeter data. This section is relevant because, in the near future, the surface water and ocean topography (popularly known as SWOT) and the Chinese “Guan Lan” and HY-3C missions, which adopt the new altimetry concept by using the sensors of the synthetic aperture radar interferometer, and which can provide 2D oceanic topography, will likely bring new challenges to present-day altimetry calibration technologies. The paper ends with a brief discussion on the anticipated new challenges on altimeter calibration. This work will bring remarkable contribution to the understanding of the present situation, considering that the paper focuses on the development trend of satellite altimeter calibration.

mots-clés

satellite altimeter;microwave radiometer;calibration;HY-2;Qianliyan;review

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