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Extraction of the impervious surface of typical cities in Xinjiang based on Sentinel-2A/B and spatial difference analysis

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

    Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

  • Email：13808270530@163.com
  • Introduction：段潘，研究方向为干旱区生态环境遥感。E-mail： 13808270530@163.com
DUAN Pan12,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

    Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

    China Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environmental Modeling, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

  • Email：zhangfei3s@163.com
  • Introduction：张飞，研究方向为干旱区生态环境遥感应用。E-mail： zhangfei3s@163.com
ZHANG Fei123*,  
  • Affiliation：

    College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

    Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

LIU Changjiang12

résumé

As the process of urbanization accelerates, changes in the physical structure and attributes of the natural surface have increased the impervious surface of cities, resulting in drastic changes in the types of urban land cover, which greatly affect environmental quality and the ecological cycle. Therefore, exploring the spatial structure of urban impervious surfaces crucial to urban ecological environment protection and urban green space planning.The main urban areas of typical Xinjiang cities (Urumqi, Kashgar, Hami, and Karamay) are selected as the study area in this work. First, the L2 norm of Sentinel-2A/B images is normalized to weaken the urban bare soil interference information in arid areas. Combined with the Enhanced Normalized Difference Impervious Surface Index (ENDISI), the maximum between-class variance method (OTSU) is used to adaptively determine the threshold, and the impervious surfaces of typical cities in Xinjiang in 2017 and 2019 are extracted. Second, the spatial differences of the ENDISI values in each direction of impervious surfaces in the study area are analyzed with the profile line method, and the box dimension method is introduced to dissect the spatial structure characteristics of impervious surfaces in different time phases and reveal the law of urban spatial structure changes.Results show that the combination of L2 norm normalization treatment and ENDISI can effectively highlight the difference between impervious and non-impervious surfaces. The threshold value determined by OTSU adaptively can distinguish impervious surfaces well, and the overall accuracy of the impervious surface extraction results is 86.60% with a kappa coefficient of 0.73 as verified by an example (2019 Urumqi main urban area). With the junction area of a city and bare soil as the research object, the classification effects of ENDISI, NDBI, and UI methods are compared, and the accuracy is verified using the visual interpretation method. The results show that ENDISI’s extraction effect is the best, and its extraction accuracy for urban contours and bare soil areas is the highest (83.18%). NDBI’s extraction effect is relatively poor (78.38%), and UI’s extraction accuracy is the lowest (60.18%).The analysis of the spatial differences of the impervious surfaces reveals that the ENDISI values for northern Urumqi, central–northern Kashgar, and central-eastern and northern Hami increase significantly from the perspective of profile lines, but the ENDISI values for northern Karamay and central-western regions increase only slightly. The analysis of the box dimension of the impervious surface shows that the box dimension values of typical cities in Xinjiang and the urban structure complexity are increasing. Among these cities, Hami and Urumqi have the highest and lowest box dimension values, respectively; Hami has the largest variation in box dimension values, whereas Karamay has the smallest. In this study, a new method of extracting urban impervious surfaces in arid areas is proposed. The method reveals the change law of impervious surfaces of cities in various directions, provides scientific guidance for the connotative development of typical cities in Xinjiang, and serves as a theoretical basis for the protection of urban ecological environments in arid areas.

mots-clés

remote sensing;urban impervious surface;Sentinel-2A/B;ENDISI;OTSU;The Box-counting Dimension;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China

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