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Comprehensive analysis of wide-area observation development for solid earth tides by space technology

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

  • Email：scwukai1@163.com
  • Introduction：吴凯，研究方向为月基对地观测SAR传感器理论。E-mail： scwukai1@163.com
WU Kai12,  
  • Affiliation：

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

JI Ce12,  
  • Affiliation：

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

LUO Lei1,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

  • Email：wangxy@aircas.ac.cn
  • Introduction：王心源，研究方向为空间考古、数字自然与文化遗产保护与固体地球月基对地观测等。E-mail： wangxy@aircas.ac.cn
WANG Xinyuan1*

résumé

The observation and research for solid earth tides (SETs), which have always been the focus of earth science, can provide an important basis for understanding the structure of the earth’s interior. However, unavoidable limitations exist when observations are operated to capture the global-scale SET information only with ground instruments. At present, the distribution of ground stations is sparse and uneven. Moreover, the observations of different stations are affected by the local environment. Thus, achieving large-scale, time-consistent, and space-continuous SET observation is difficult. SET observation must rely on the development of space technology. In this study, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the SET are obtained using the theoretical model. This model considers the earth’s ellipticity, rotation, inelasticity of the mantle, nonhydrostatic equilibrium, and lateral inhomogeneity. Combined with the lunar ephemeris, the space–time coordinate system and the influence factors, such as precession, polar shift, nutation, and lunar libration, are considered. After the optimization of the model accuracy and efficiency, the theoretical model of the millimeter accuracy is obtained. Based on these characteristics, the macroscopic observation potential of space technology is discussed. It mainly includes the wide-area displacement monitoring ability by combining InSAR technology and ranging technologies, such as GNSS, VLBI, and SLR. The time-varying gravity acquisition ability solved from the gravity satellite data is also included. According to the requirements of InSAR technology on time baseline and swath width, three kinds of platforms, namely, low Earth orbit satellite, inclined geosynchronous satellite, and moon-based platform, are simulated. The advantages and disadvantages of various platforms are also analyzed. Results showed that the network of new gravity satellites and the new conceptual platform of remote sensing have the macro-observation potential for SETs. Compared with inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit, the moon-based platform can easily design the SAR system. The moon-based SAR has long service life and small orbit error. Given the change in declination, the moon-based platform can realize global continuous angle observation. It can also extract high-precision horizontal displacement from the deformation in line of sight. The multiangle observation area of the inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit is only one-third of that of the moon-based platform. Moreover, the land area corresponding to the ascending and descending nodes for inclined geosynchronous satellites has an inherent blind area. As the main force source of SETs, the moon can be used to separate the coupled solar and lunar tides. Given the observation effect and platform characteristics, the moon-based platform can become the best platform for earth tide observation if a series of key problems related to lunar landing, such as energy supply, temperature control, data transmission, material transportation, and dust environment, are solved. Given the cooperation of multiple platforms, the macro-observation of the earth tide in most areas can be realized with a temporal resolution lower than 1 day. Moreover, space technology development can supplement the spatial decorrelation period of the moon-based platform and realize complementary advantages.

mots-clés

solid earth tides;space technology;orbit ephemeris;wide-area observation;earth science

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