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Progress and trends of application of hyperspectral remote sensing in plant diversity research

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    Peking University Institute of Ecology,School of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University, Beijing 100871

  • Email：zyw0624@pku.edu.cn
  • Introduction：张艺伟，研究方向为植被定量遥感、生态遥感应用。E-mail： zyw0624@pku.edu.cn
ZHANG Yiwei,  
  • Affiliation：

    Peking University Institute of Ecology,School of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University, Beijing 100871

GUO Yanpei,  
  • Affiliation：

    Peking University Institute of Ecology,School of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University, Beijing 100871

TANG Rong,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    Peking University Institute of Ecology,School of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University, Beijing 100871

  • Email：zytang@urban.pku.edu.cn
  • Introduction：唐志尧，研究方向为植物群落生态学、生态遥感。E-mail： zytang@urban.pku.edu.cn
TANG Zhiyao*

résumé

Plant diversity is closely related to ecosystem productivity, stability, and resource use efficiency. The rate of plant biodiversity loss due to human activities, extreme climate, and species invasions is accelerating annually, and an urgent need is recognized for rapid and accurate collection of information of terrestrial plant diversity for biodiversity conservation.Remote sensing techniques are important methods of earth observation from space. In recent years, image data from remote sensing have been developing toward refinement and comprehensiveness, and high-quality data covering more ground information have been gradually applied. The emergence of hyperspectral remote sensing technology enables sensors to collect continuous spectral curves of ground targets in fine spectral resolution, which consequently provides massive information of ground objects and realizes the quantitative inversion of ground object parameters. Hyperspectral remote sensing technology offers a technical basis for the large-scale observation of plant diversity and functional traits. It further brings opportunities for the verification of theories of community assembly with the continuous variation in spatial scales.In this study, we review the development of hyperspectral remote sensing technology and its application in detecting plant diversity and functional traits. Two types of inversion approaches for quantifying biodiversity through hyperspectral remote sensing, namely, direct inversion and indirect inversion, are introduced. The direct inversion approach takes the spectral variation hypothesis (SVH) as its theoretical basis, which posits that biodiversity is linked to the heterogeneity of spectral image. The SVH-based approaches, also known as “spectral diversity metrics,” are to directly establish the relationship between spectral information and plant diversity. Common spectral diversity metrics include the coefficient of variation of spectral bands, the convex hull volume in spectral space, the spectral angle mapper, the divergence of spectral information, and the convex hull area. Numerous studies have proven that these spectral diversity metrics can be used to effectively track the variation in biodiversity indicators, such as species richness, Shannon index, and Rao’s Q index.The indirect inversion approach correlates spectral information with plant diversity via quantitative remote sensing. Plant functional traits can be retrieved from hyperspectral image data through empirical and physically-based models with convincing accuracy. With the quantitative retrieved traits from image data, functional diversity indices, which can be closely linked to ecosystem functioning, such as FRic (functional richness), FDiv (functional divergence), and FEve (functional evenness), can be characterized and spatially mapped. Studies also confirmed that the indirect approach can be employed to assess taxonomic and even phylogenetic diversity through the quantification of vegetation indices.Combined with existing application examples, we then discuss the technical advantages of hyperspectral remote sensing technology in the studies on species invasion, species mapping, biodiversity spatial patterns, and the large-scale biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relationship. At the end of this review, limitations of the application of hyperspectral remote sensing technology in ecological studies are analyzed. With the development of multisource remote sensing technology, hyperspectral remote sensing coordinated with other technological means (e.‍g., ground flux monitoring, laser radar technique, and computer visualization) will be applied more extensively in biodiversity-relevant studies.

mots-clés

hyperspectral remote sensing;biodiversity;spectral diversity;plant functional traits;biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relationship

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