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Extraction des informations de dépôt de poussière sur les feuilles en zone minière basée sur les données Sentinel-2 et identification des sources de poussière

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Geologic Survey, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

    Hubei Institute of Land Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan 430010, China

  • Email：21844ss@cug.edu.cn
  • Introduction：帅爽，研究方向为遥感地质、地学遥感应用。E-mail： 21844ss@cug.edu.cn
SHUAI Shuang13,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geoscience (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

  • Email：3slab@cug.edu.cn
  • Introduction：张志，研究方向为遥感地质、地学遥感应用。E-mail： 3slab@cug.edu.cn
ZHANG Zhi2*,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Geologic Survey, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

LYU Xinbiao1,  
  • Affiliation：

    Hubei Institute of Land Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan 430010, China

CHEN Si3,  
  • Affiliation：

    Hubei Institute of Land Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan 430010, China

MA Zicheng3,  
  • Affiliation：

    Hubei Institute of Land Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan 430010, China

XIE Cuirong3

résumé

La surveillance par télédétection de la chute de poussière sur les feuilles est l’un des moyens importants pour évaluer la pollution par la poussière dans les zones minières. Par rapport à la poussière naturelle, la poussière minière enrichie en métaux lourds constitue une menace plus grave pour la santé humaine et la croissance de la végétation. Dans les études précédentes, la surveillance de la chute de poussière sur les feuilles portait principalement sur l’inversion et la surveillance de la quantité de poussière, sans étudier les différences entre la poussière minière et la poussière naturelle. Cet article utilise les données Sentinel-2, en prenant pour exemple la zone minière de plomb-zinc-argent de Jia'uwula-Chagan en Mongolie intérieure. Sur la base de l’analyse des caractéristiques de réponse spectrale de la chute de poussière sur les feuilles, la méthode FPCS (Feature-oriented Principal Components Selection) basée sur la sélection de composantes principales caractéristique a été employée pour extraire l’étendue et l’intensité de la chute de poussière sur les feuilles dans la zone d’étude. Sur la base de l’analyse des différences spectrales des sources de poussière minière et naturelle, un indice spectral de source de poussière DSI (Dust-source Spectrum Index) a été établi pour différencier la poussière minière de la poussière naturelle. L’étude a également analysé la corrélation entre le type et l’intensité de la chute de poussière et la distribution des objets miniers, ainsi que les caractéristiques de dispersion de la poussière des principales sources minières. Les résultats montrent que la chute de poussière sur les feuilles augmente la réflectance dans la bande visible, diminue celle dans le proche infrarouge, provoquant un déplacement vers le bleu du bord rouge de la végétation. En s’éloignant de la source de poussière, la réflectance dans la bande visible diminue progressivement, et la position du bord rouge se déplace vers les longueurs d’onde plus longues. Il existe des différences spectrales entre les sources de poussière minière et naturelle. Les pixels de chute de poussière minière sur les feuilles montrent une absorption de réflectance près de 864,7 nm. La méthode FPCS a permis d’extraire avec succès l’étendue et l’intensité de la chute de poussière, et l’indice DSI différencie efficacement la poussière minière de la poussière naturelle. Les pixels extraits de chute de poussière minière sont fortement corrélés spatialement avec les objets miniers. Les principales sources de poussière dans la zone d’étude sont les tas de déchets et les routes minières, la diffusion et l’intensité de la poussière provenant des tas de déchets dépassant celles des routes. Cette étude fournit une approche technique rapide pour évaluer la pollution par la poussière liée au développement minier.

mots-clés

télédétection; zone minière; dépôt de poussière sur les feuilles; information sur les sources de poussière; Sentinel-2; FPCS; indice spectral de source de poussière (DSI)

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