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Development and application of a portable floating optical buoy based on the skylight-blocked approach

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China

  • Email：tianliqiao@whu.edu.cn
  • Introduction：田礼乔，1980年生，男，教授，研究方向为水体光学装备研发与组网观测，国产卫星水色遥感大数据处理与基于深度学习算法的水环境参数反演与监测应用等。E-mail： tianliqiao@whu.edu.cn
TIAN Liqiao1,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China

  • Email：lisen9368@whu.edu.cn
  • Introduction：李森，1996年生，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为水体光学装备研发与组网观测。E-mail： lisen9368@whu.edu.cn
LI Sen1*,  
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China

SUN Xianghan1,  
  • Affiliation：

    Easy Ocean Technology Ltd., Halifax B3H1N4, Canada

SUN Zhaohua2,  
  • Affiliation：

    National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100081, China

SONG Qingjun3

résumé

Water-leaving radiance (Lw) or remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) is a fundamental parameter of water color remote sensing. It has been a long-standing and challenging goal to precisely measure Lw. Skylight-Blocked Approach (SBA), a novel approach for in-situ water spectrum measurement, can observe Lw directly screening the impact of the skylight in above-water method. It is not necessary to fulfill complicated post-processing to derive Lw by using SBA, which makes it has great potential to be used in different types of water body. However, there is not an automatic portable instrument to obtain water spectrum through SBA until now. In this study, a portable floating optical buoy (FOBY-P) is developed and tested. FOBY-P has its advantages with a smaller self-shading and an easier deployment compared with previous versions of FOBY with a circular floating body. The in-situ measurements in the coast of China through FOBY-P were carried out from October to November 2018 to test the buoy system. The results showed that 1) The self-shading effect of the floating body on the Lw observation under a large solar zenith angle can be effectively avoided by the tripod design of FOBY-P. The errors caused by the self-shading were less than 5% for the Rrs of 400—700 nm when it was used in turbid water. And the self-shading effect was only 1%—3% used in clear water; 2) FOBY-P can keep the sensor stable in the different sea state levels. Its effective observation ratio (the tilt angle less than 5°) is over 98% in the 1st sea state. The sensor tilt angle would be greater and greater when the sea state becomes worse. However, the ratio can still reach approximately 50% for the 3rd and 4th sea state; 3) The derived results of FOBY-P are in good agreement with those of TriOS RAMSES sensors. The correlation coefficient r between the Rrs of FOBY-P and that of TriOS RAMSES is larger than 0.9, and the Rrs difference of them is less than 5% for 490—565 nm. The difference may be caused by the different processing procedures of the two systems with different approaches. The water-air interface correction processing may be one of the factors to cause the uncertainty of TriOS RAMSES observations with above-water method. The result shows that FOBY-P has some advantages in platform stability, ease of use, and measurement accuracy as an automatic water spectrum acquisition instrument based on SBA. In general, FOBY-P can satisfy the requirements of in-situ measurement of Rrs in optically complex coastal waters, even during moderate sea state to provide high-quality data. Furthermore, it is only the first version of FOBY-P and further optimization in the design and data processing would improve the performance of the instrument.

mots-clés

water color remote sensing;water spectrum;insitu measurement;the skylight-blocked approach;the Portable Floating Optical Buoy (FOBY-P)

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