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Spatiotemporal variations in nighttime lights in poverty-stricken counties in China

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

    School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

  • Email：51193901048@stu.ecnu.edu.cn
  • Introduction：华婧，研究方向为夜间灯光遥感及其在贫困研究中的应用。E-mail： 51193901048@stu.ecnu.edu.cn
HUA Jing12,  
  • Affiliation：

    Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

    School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

WU Bin12,  
  • Affiliation：

    Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China

    The Academy of Digital China, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China

CHEN Zuoqi34,  
  • Affiliation：

    Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

    School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

YANG Chengshu12,  
  • Affiliation：

    Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

    School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

TANG Xi12,  
  • Affiliation：

    Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

    School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

SUN Feiran12,  
  • Affiliation：

    Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

    School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

WU Jianping12,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

    School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

  • Email：blyu@geo.ecnu.edu.cn
  • Introduction：余柏蒗，研究方向为夜间灯光遥感及城市遥感。E-mail：blyu@geo.ecnu.edu.cn
YU Bailang12*

résumé

Poverty is a major problem faced by developing countries. As the world’s largest developing country, China has been committed to poverty eradication. 2020 is the final year of China’s comprehensive victory in the war against poverty. At present, China has entered the post-poverty era, and the reasonable assessment of the poverty reduction effect is the focus of the acceptance work at this stage, which is of great significance to explore a long-term mechanism for solving relative poverty. The county-level geographical unit is the basic unit for China to formulate and implement the macro and micro policies and strategies for regional poverty reduction. Concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas concentrated in mountainous areas, old revolutionary base areas, and areas with poor natural resource endowment, with large internal development differences, belong to the most disaster-hit areas of poverty in China. After synthesizing an annual dataset of NPP-VIIRS nighttime light (NTL) data from 2014 to 2020, we developed a county-level NTL index to investigate the poverty reduction effects of 831 national level poverty-stricken counties and 14 concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas in China. The economic level of most poverty-stricken counties in China improved significantly during the study period, and the poverty reduction effect was prominent. However, 108 poverty-stricken counties still suffer from negative growth in terms of NTL intensity; these counties are located mainly at the junction of concentrated and contiguous poverty-stricken areas in the western region. The border area, mainly inhabited by ethnic minorities, has a poor ecological environment, a low level of economic development, and a relatively poor self-development ability, which may lead to a relatively poor poverty reduction effect. In addition, the NTL intensity development between the northern and southern parts of the western region is unbalanced. The growth rate of NTL in poor counties decreased from the east to the middle and western regions. In terms of the overall poverty alleviation trend, there was a period of rapid development in poor counties in the year before the declaration of poverty alleviation. However, after the declaration of poverty alleviation, the intensity of NTL decreased, the speed of poverty reduction slowed down, and there may be a risk of returning to poverty in some poor counties. Four NTL development modes, i.e., a small NTL base with a rapid growth rate (mode I), a large NTL base with a rapid growth rate (mode II), a large NTL base with a slow growth rate (mode III), and a small NTL base with a slow growth rate (mode IV), were identified in the 14 concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas. The high- and low-restriction modes were distributed at the junction areas of the different provincial administrative boundaries. In addition, poor counties along the border are vulnerable to marginalization. Further analysis indicated that significant NTL changes are apparent in the poverty-stricken counties, as demonstrated by their four poverty alleviation paths including infrastructure poverty alleviation, characteristic industry poverty alleviation, asset income poverty alleviation (photovoltaic poverty alleviation), and relocation poverty alleviation. However, the poverty reduction effect of poverty-stricken counties that take ecological compensation poverty alleviation, social guarantee poverty alleviation, and agricultural industry poverty alleviation as the leading poverty reduction methods are difficult to reflect in the NTL.

mots-clés

nighttime lights (NTL);NPP-VIIRS;national level poverty-stricken counties;concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas;Spatiotemporal variations;poverty reduction

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