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Remotely sensed urban surface temperature： From directional temperature， complete surface temperature to three-dimensional surface temperature

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

  • Email：cyh@bnu.edu.cn
  • Introduction：陈云浩，研究方向为资源环境与城市遥感、高光谱与热红外遥感。E-mail： cyh@bnu.edu.cn
CHEN Yunhao1,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

  • Email：ddwang@cugb.edu.cn
  • Introduction：王丹丹，研究方向为城市热辐射方向性理论与建模。E-mail： ddwang@cugb.edu.cn
WANG Dandan2*,  
  • Affiliation：

    Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

    Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China

ZHAN Wenfeng34,  
  • Affiliation：

    School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China

ZHOU Ji5,  
  • Affiliation：

    College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China

HU Deyong6,  
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

QUAN Jinling7,  
  • Affiliation：

    College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

SUN Hao8,  
  • Affiliation：

    Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China

    Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite, Beijing 100081, China

GUO Zheng910,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China

XIA Haiping11,  
  • Affiliation：

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

DAI Xiujuan1,  
  • Affiliation：

    School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China

JIANG Lu12

résumé

Urban land surface temperature is an important indicator of the energy budget of urban underlying surface and local climate change. Remote sensing is an important tool to obtain urban land surface temperature at a large spatial scale. Remarkable urban three-dimensional structure and complex urban surface materials substantially influence the directional variation in upwelling thermal radiance. Thermal infrared remote sensing typically provides an average temperature (i.e., directional temperature) of all component surfaces in a sensor’s field of view at a specific viewing direction. The directional temperature varies with the sensor’s observation angle and differs from the true distribution of urban surface temperature. The term “complete surface temperature” was proposed to represent the characteristics of urban surface temperature to characterize the energy exchange between the urban underlying surface and the atmosphere. Currently, “complete surface temperature” has only made a breakthrough in describing the average state of urban surface temperature, but it still cannot reflect the high-resolution spatiotemporal characteristics of urban surface temperature and cannot meet the needs of fine-scale assessments of urban thermal environment.In this review, we summarize the development of urban surface remote sensing temperature from “directional temperature” (2-dimensional) to “complete surface temperature” (2.5-dimensional) and then to “3-dimensional surface temperature” (3-dimensional) and the current progress in using remote sensing directional observations to obtain urban surface temperature in different dimensions. We also clarify the differences and interrelationships of different dimensions. The application of remotely sensed urban surface temperature in different dimensions is also elaborated. On the basis of the existing problems, the future development trend of remotely sensed urban surface temperature is determined as follows: (1) definition of three-dimensional urban surface temperature for different application purposes, (2) stereoscopic observation for the reconstruction of three-dimensional urban surface temperature, and (3) coupling of three-dimensional surface temperature products and urban climate models.

mots-clés

urban remote sensing;land surface temperature;directional temperature;complete surface temperature;three-dimensional surface temperature

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