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Potential landslides identification and development characteristics analysis in Hunza valley， along China-Pakistan Economic Corridor based on SBAS-InSAR

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

    Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China

    Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou 730000, China

  • Email：suxj17@lzu.edu.cn
  • Introduction：苏晓军，研究方向为环境遥感、地质灾害识别、监测与评价。E-mail：suxj17@lzu.edu.cn
SU Xiaojun134,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

    Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China

  • Email：zhangyigeo@lzu.edu.cn
  • Introduction：张毅，研究方向为环境遥感与地质灾害。E-mail：zhangyigeo@lzu.edu.cn
ZHANG Yi23*,  
  • Affiliation：

    School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

    Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China

    Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou 730000, China

MENG Xingmin234,  
  • Affiliation：

    College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

    Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China

    Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou 730000, China

REHMAN Mohib Ur134,  
  • Affiliation：

    College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

    Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China

    Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou 730000, China

KHALID Zainab134,  
  • Affiliation：

    College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

    Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China

    Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou 730000, China

ZHAO Fumeng134,  
  • Affiliation：

    College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

    Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China

    Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou 730000, China

YUE Dongxia134,  
  • Affiliation：

    Geological Environment Monitoring Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China

GUO Fuyun5,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Geological Hazards Prevention, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

ZHOU Ziqiang6

реферат

The Hunza Valley in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in the northern part of Pakistan has a high relief and harsh geo-environment. Villages and towns in this area are prone to geohazard development, and high-risk incidents have been observed from the construction to operation stages of the CPEC. Landslide hazards in the Hunza Valley must be investigated and analyzed via landslide inventories and landslide development tools. This study applied 45 images and 42 images from the ascending and descending Sentinel-1A datasets, respectively, to monitor surface deformation via SBAS-InSAR. The deformation information along the slope direction was subsequently estimated. On the basis of the displacement rates derived from the SAR data, the optical remote sensing images were visually interpreted, and in situ surveys and validations were conducted. A total of 53 potential landslides were detected and delineated. On the basis of the effects of landslide identification and the detected deformation, image interpretation and validation features of typical large landslides Ghulmet and Humarri, 11 factors related to geomorphology, geology, hydrology, and vegetation were analyzed for landslide development. Maximum displacement velocities of -311 and -490 mm/a along the slope were detected on the basis of the ascending and descending datasets, respectively. Consequently, an annual deformation velocity of 20 mm/a was set as the threshold for the detection and mapping of potential landslides in the Hunza River Valley. The deformation of large landslides is severe under the influence of Hunza River erosion, and secondary landslides are developed. The validated potential landslides are distributed on the slopes on both sides of the Hunza River and are sometimes on the upper and lower slopes of the road. These active landslides primarily are developed in metamorphic rocks such as phyllite and slate. In the CPEC, landslides preferentially form and deform in areas where the elevation relief is between 200 and 1000 m, the slope is between 30° and 40°, and the aspect is within the southern and southwestern regions. Given the bare area of slope surfaces and sparse vegetation (NDVI<0.2), weathered and fragmented slopes provide enough provenance and materials for landslide development. The outcomes and results may facilitate hazard management and risk reduction in the Hunza Valley, allowing the operation of the CPEC to be uninterrupted. The findings of this work can also provide scientific references and data support for the monitoring and assessments of major landslide disasters that destroy roads and block rivers and their resulting secondary disaster events.

ключеви́че слова́

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor;Hunza River valley;landslide;SBAS-InSAR;Earth surface deformation;early identification;development characteristics

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