Hyperspectral remote sensing is an important technique in Earth observation. Hyperspectral image processing and information extraction is one of the key issues in hyperspectral remote sensing. This paper introduces the major characteristics of hyperspectral remote sensing. It also summarizes and reviews the development history and current advancements of hyperspectral image processing and information extraction, which mainly comprises four aspects: data dimensionality reduction, pixel unmixing, image classification, and target and anomaly detection. Moreover, the high-performance computing technique in hyperspectral image processing and information extraction is summarized and analyzed. In the future, the technical developments of intelligent information analysis and high-performance processing based on hardware indicate that the hyperspectral remote sensing satellite system will enter an intelligent era. Therefore, the present studyindicates three aspects that should be considered in hyperspectral image processing and information extraction. First, a multidisciplinary connection should be emphasized, and new achievements in the fields of machine learning and artificial intelligence should be fully adopted.Second, close attention should be given to the integration of software and hardware to develop a high-performance technique for processing hyperspectral images in real time. Finally, the advantages and characteristics of hyperspectral remote sensing should be extensively explored,and the development of new theories and new methods should integrate the requirements of various applications.

hyperspectral remote sensing;data dimensionality reduction;Pixel Unmixing;image classification;target detection;high performance computing