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Wide dynamic nonlinear radiometric calibration of optical satellite sensors using multiple stable earth targets

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Email：lingw@cma.gov.cn
  • Introduction：王玲(1986—　)，女，博士研究生，研究方向为卫星传感器可见–近红外通道辐射定标。E-mail：lingw@cma.gov.cn
Ling WANG,  
  • No information about the author is available
Xiuqing HU,  
  • No information about the author is available
Lin CHEN

resumen

In order to obtain quantitative information from satellite measurements, the satellite radiometer must first be calibrated. Calibration is a critical step to ensure data quality and to meet the needs of quantitative remote sensing in a broad range of scientific applications. One of the least expensive and increasingly popular methods of on-orbit calibration has been the use of pseudo invariant calibration sites. However, most of the researchers are tend to use one of these sites to monitor the multi-temporal stability of satellite sensors using time series analysis. A wide dynamic absolute calibration method by using multiple stable earth targets is presented here. This method relies on calculated Top-Of-Atmosphere (TOA) radiances over bright desert and salt lake sites as well as dark ocean targets. These simulated radiances represent the “reference” and are done using the 6S radiative transfer code with MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data for surface reflectance, aerosol optical depth, ozone amount and water vapor load estimation. When associating the simulated radiances with the sensor observed Digital Number (DN) using quadratic polynomial, the calibration coefficients can be obtained. The accuracy of the calibration results are determined by the accuracy of the “reference”, and this “reference” accuracy are assessed through using MODIS L1B data, which is characterized by high calibration accuracy (<2%), during one year period. Then, this method are applied to Medium-Resolution Imager (MERSI) onboard the second Chinese Polar Orbital Meteorological Satellite of FY-3A and FY-3C to study the radiometric response characteristics, so that the best calibration strategy can be determined. Finally, the determined calibration strategy is applied to FY-3A/MERSI and FY-3C/MERSI respectively, and the calculated calibration coefficients are validated based on the field observation data obtained at China Dunhuang Calibration Test Site on August 16, 2014. With the field observation data and 6S radiative transfer code, the TOA reflectance for MERSI solar bands are simulated and are used to validate the TOA reflectance calculated with the calibration coefficients obtained through the calibration method using Multiple Stable earth Targets (MST) proposed here. The comparison results demonstrate that calibration “reference” has high accuracy with relative bias between simulation and observation less than ±2%. Study of radiometric response characteristics FY-3A/MERSI and FY-3C/MERSI shows that radiometric response of FY-3A/MERSI is linear, while FY-3C/MERSI is non-linear. Hence, during their calibration processes, linear calibration method using MST is applied to FY-3A/MERSI, and non-linear calibration for FY-3C/MERSI. Validation results show that the relative differences of TOA reflectance between the one obtained from the calibration method using MST and the one obtained from 6S simulation using In-situ measurements are within ±%5 for most solar bands of MERSI. Compared with the traditional two-point calibration method, calibration trough using MST has the following advantages: (1) covering a wider dynamic range of satellite sensors, hence be good at characterize their radiometric response characteristic, (2) be helpful to reduce the calibration uncertainty with a large amount of calibration samples, and (3) can achieve efficient, real-time absolute radiation calibration for satellite sensors.

palabra clave

radiometric calibration;stable targets;MERSI;MODIS;nonlinear

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