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Topographic data accuracy verification of small consumer UAV

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

  • Email：zhangchunbin1102@163.com
  • Introduction：张纯斌(1990—　)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为低空遥感与水文水资源。E-mail：zhangchunbin1102@163.com
Chunbin ZHANG13,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    Institute of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

  • Email：yangshengtian@bnu.edu.cn
  • Introduction：杨胜天(1965—　)，男，教授，研究方向为遥感与水文水资源。E-mail：yangshengtian@bnu.edu.cn
Shengtian YANG123*,  
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    Institute of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Changsen ZHAO123,  
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    Institute of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Hezhen LOU123,  
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Yichi ZHANG13,  
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Juan BAI13,  
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Zhiwei WANG13,  
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Yabing GUAN13,  
  • Affiliation：

    Department of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Yuan ZHANG13

resumen

Low-altitude remote sensing recently became a hot technology with rapid development and com-prehensive application. Small consumer UAV attracted wide attention with rapid, flexible, and cost-effective ad-vantages. Large professional UAV, which is vulnerable to weather conditions, requires professional manipulation and airspace application. These factors restrict its ability to access terrain data agilely and rapidly. A small consumer UAV can compensate for large professional UAV limitations. This study comprehensively verifies the accuracy of the data obtained through this type of UAV to improve application reliability. This study focuses on the precision verification of topographic data obtained by small consumer UAV (Phantom 3 Professional). Six kinds of flight heights (50 m, 60 m, 70 m, 80 m, 90 m, and 100 m) are set to acquire a stereoscopic image and generate Point Cloud, Digital Surface Model, and Digital Orthophoto Map. Ground Control Points (GCPs) are laid out uniformly in the standard experimental field to verify measurement accuracy, and their three-dimensional coordinates are derived using differential GPS with high-precision. The absolute position of the stereoscopic images is calibrated by GCPs. Finally, the measurement accuracy of the result is analyzed using the mean error and relative root mean square error (RMSE). Results show that the resolution of the UAV image is 2.22—4.23 cm for flight height 50–100 m and will decrease with increasing flight altitude. The mean error is ± 0.51 cm in the horizontal direction and ± 4.39 cm in the vertical direction. RMSE is ± 2.79 cm in the horizontal direction and ± 9.98 cm in the vertical direction. The errors in horizontal and vertical directions are within normal distribution, but the error range is larger in the vertical direction. Five or more images in the same area are recommended when shooting to avoid errors caused by insufficient image overlap and to generate high-quality data. Simultaneously, GCPs should be evenly laid in the survey area to ensure absolute positioning accuracy and should be found in more than five images. Experimental precision can be influenced by a number of factors, such as light and weather con-ditions and flight stability. The GCP selection, measurement method, and image spike processes include some errors. The research shows that the measurement accuracy of small consumer UAV can reach centimeter level with reliable flight control system condition; this condition provides a new measurement method for low-cost, fast, flexible, and accurate terrain information acquisition to geography and ecology researchers.

palabra clave

small consumer UAV;accuracy verification;topographic survey;differential GPS;GCP (Ground Control Points)

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