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Remote sensing monitoring and analysis of landscape pattern in Bayanbulak Heritage Site for nearly 30 years

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

  • Email：zhaoyan_1230@aircas.ac.cn
  • Introduction：赵燕，1989年生，女，博士研究生，研究方向为自然遗产、农业遥感等。E-mail： zhaoyan_1230@aircas.ac.cn
ZHAO Yan12,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

    International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage (HIST) under the Auspices of UNESCO, Beijing 100094, China

  • Email：luolei@aircas.ac.cn
  • Introduction：骆磊，1988年生，男，副研究员，研究方向为空间考古、文化与自然遗产遥感应用、地理环境变化与文明演化。E-mail： luolei@aircas.ac.cn
LUO Lei13*,  
  • Affiliation：

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

    Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China

WAN Hong124,  
  • Affiliation：

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

WU Qiang12,  
  • Affiliation：

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

    International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage (HIST) under the Auspices of UNESCO, Beijing 100094, China

LIU Chuansheng13

resumen

The World Natural Heritage Sites has attracted worldwide focus because of their Outstanding Universal Values (OUVs). However, in recent years, fragile ecological environments have destroyed the structural and functional integrity of the ecological system of the heritage sites, seriously threatening the OUVS of the World Natural Heritage Sites. In this paper, on the basis of satellite remote sensing image, meteorological observation data, and ground survey data, taking Bayanbulak world natural heritage as a study case, we mapped the spatial key elements of OUVs in Bayanbulak heritage from 1992 to 2020. Combined with a dynamic degree and landscape pattern index, the temporal and spatial change characteristics of OUVs key elements and their landscape pattern were analyzed, and the main natural and human factors influencing their spatial distribution and change characteristics were discussed. Results show that a landscape characteristic of gradual transition of water-marsh-high coverage grassland-moderate coverage grassland/beach land/sandy land-low coverage grassland/farmland-barren/construction land was presented from the center of the heritage protection area to the edge. Moreover, the main representative elements were marsh and moderate coverage grassland, which accounted for 29.51% and 29.75% of the study area, respectively. Concerning the landscape pattern, it shows scattered and complicated development characteristics. PD and LSI increased from 2.05 and 43.01 in 1992 to 2.37 and 52.02 in 2020. The contagion index has also been reduced from 58.44% to 56.54%. The average precipitation was the key factor influencing the area of water and marsh, and their r values are 0.884 and -0.929, respectively. The area of low coverage grassland was most affected by the average relative humidity, with r value of -0.931. These indicate that natural factors were the main reasons for the area change of alpine wetland and alpine grassland in Bayanbulak. Population density, soil type, and elevation were the main factors driving the spatial distribution of OUVs key elements in Bayanbulak Heritage Site, and the maximum q value in Geodetector was 0.45. The interaction effect between any two factors was greater than that of individual factor, and the maximum detector power of 47.8% was in the combination of population density and soil type. However, the detector powers of factors on the dynamic degree of OUVs key elements in Bayanbuk site were not high (the maximum q value was only 0.106). The study of landscape pattern variation and its driving factors in natural heritage sites are highly significant for heritage protection, ecological restoration, and sustainable development.

palabra clave

remote sensing;Nature Heritage;OUVs;landscape pattern;spatial-temporal characteristic;driving factors;Bayanbulak;Tianshan

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