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Extracción de información del depósito de polvo en las hojas y reconocimiento de fuentes de polvo en zonas mineras basado en datos Sentinel-2

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Geologic Survey, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

    Hubei Institute of Land Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan 430010, China

  • Email：21844ss@cug.edu.cn
  • Introduction：帅爽，研究方向为遥感地质、地学遥感应用。E-mail： 21844ss@cug.edu.cn
SHUAI Shuang13,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geoscience (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

  • Email：3slab@cug.edu.cn
  • Introduction：张志，研究方向为遥感地质、地学遥感应用。E-mail： 3slab@cug.edu.cn
ZHANG Zhi2*,  
  • Affiliation：

    Institute of Geologic Survey, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

LYU Xinbiao1,  
  • Affiliation：

    Hubei Institute of Land Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan 430010, China

CHEN Si3,  
  • Affiliation：

    Hubei Institute of Land Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan 430010, China

MA Zicheng3,  
  • Affiliation：

    Hubei Institute of Land Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan 430010, China

XIE Cuirong3

resumen

La monitorización remota del depósito de polvo en la superficie de las hojas es uno de los medios importantes para evaluar la contaminación por polvo en las zonas mineras. En comparación con el polvo natural, el polvo minero enriquecido con metales pesados representa una amenaza más grave para la salud humana y el crecimiento de la vegetación. En estudios anteriores, la monitorización remota del depósito de polvo en las hojas se centraba principalmente en la inversión y monitorización de la cantidad de polvo depositado, sin investigar las diferencias entre el polvo minero y el polvo natural. Este artículo utiliza datos Sentinel-2 como ejemplo del área minera de plomo, zinc y plata Jia’uwula-Chagan en la Región Autónoma de Mongolia Interior. Basándose en el análisis de las características de la respuesta espectral del depósito de polvo en las hojas, y la selección de componentes principales orientada a características FPCS (Feature-oriented Principal Components Selection), se extrajeron el rango y la intensidad del depósito de polvo sobre las hojas en el área de estudio. Tras analizar las diferencias en las características espectrales entre la fuente de polvo minera y natural, se estableció un índice espectral de fuente de polvo DSI (Dust-source Spectrum Index) para distinguir entre el polvo minero y el polvo natural. También se analizó la correlación entre el tipo y la intensidad del depósito de polvo en las hojas y la distribución de los objetos mineros, así como las características de dispersión del polvo de las principales fuentes mineras. Los resultados muestran que el depósito de polvo en las hojas conduce a un aumento de la reflectancia en la banda visible, una disminución en la banda del infrarrojo cercano y un desplazamiento “hacia el azul” del borde rojo de la vegetación. A medida que se aleja de la fuente de polvo, la reflectancia en la banda visible disminuye gradualmente y la posición del borde rojo se desplaza hacia la longitud de onda más larga. Existen diferencias espectrales entre las fuentes de polvo mineras y naturales, los píxeles de depósito de polvo en las hojas de las minas muestran características de absorción de reflectancia cerca de 864,7 nm. El método FPCS extrajo con éxito el rango e intensidad del depósito de polvo, DSI pudo distinguir eficazmente entre el depósito de polvo minero y natural, y los píxeles de depósito de polvo minero extraídos mostraron una fuerte correlación espacial con los objetos mineros. Las principales fuentes de polvo en el área de estudio incluyen pilas de desechos y caminos mineros, donde la intensidad y el rango de dispersión del polvo de las pilas de desechos superan a los de los caminos mineros. Este estudio puede proporcionar un método técnico para la evaluación rápida de la contaminación por polvo en el desarrollo minero.

palabra clave

teledetección; zona minera; depósito de polvo en hojas; información de fuentes de polvo; Sentinel-2; FPCS; índice espectral de fuente de polvo (DSI)

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