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A review of collaborative remote sensing observation of greenhouse gases and aerosol with atmospheric environment satellites

  • role： First author第一作者
  • Affiliation：

    State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

  • Email：lizq@aircas.ac.cn
  • Introduction：李正强，研究方向为大气环境遥感。E-mail： lizq@aircas.ac.cn
LI Zhengqiang1,  
  • role： Corresponding author通信作者
  • Affiliation：

    State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

  • Email：xieys@aircas.ac.cn
  • Introduction：谢一凇，研究方向为大气环境遥感。E-mail： xieys@aircas.ac.cn
XIE Yisong1*,  
  • Affiliation：

    State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

SHI Yusheng1,  
  • Affiliation：

    Ministry of Ecology and Environment Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094, China

LI Qing2,  
  • Affiliation：

    School of Atmosphere Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China

    School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

COHEN Jason34,  
  • Affiliation：

    Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China

ZHANG Yuzhong5,  
  • Affiliation：

    College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

HAN Yinghui6,  
  • Affiliation：

    Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China

XIONG Wei7,  
  • Affiliation：

    Carbon Neutrality Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

LIU Yi8

resumen

Climate change is the most critical issue related to human survival and economic development currently being faced by the whole world. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosol are the main factors contributing to global warming and atmospheric environmental degradation caused by anthropogenic emissions; thus, they are the core detection targets of satellite remote sensing platforms. Compared with traditional single-target satellites, the collaborative monitoring of GHGs and aerosol on the same airborne platform, “Greenhouse gases and Aerosol Collaborative Observation Constellation” (GACOC), could significantly improve the accuracy of CO2 and CH4 retrieval. This way could improve the ability to estimate the carbon source and sink via the “top-down” method, as well as the ability to distinguish anthropogenic/natural sources of CO2, CH4, and atmospheric particulate matters. The GACOC has become an important spatial detection approach actively developed by aerospace agencies of various countries.This study introduces the satellites launched by the European Union, Japan, China, and the United States that can monitor GHGs and aerosol in one space-borne platform. These satellites are further divided into two categories according to their missions. The first one is the comprehensive atmospheric sounding satellites that independently detect GHGs and aerosol. These satellites can provide the temporal and spatial distribution of columnar CO2 or CH4 concentration and aerosol properties in the global context. The representative satellites of this category include ENVISAT, Sentinel-5P, FY-3D, and GF-5, as well as GF-5(02), DQ-1, DQ-2, and MetOp-SG-A that are about to launch in 1-3 years. The second category is the GHG monitoring satellites. Synchronous aerosol and cloud observations on the same platform provide necessary information for high-precision inversion of GHGs. The typical GHG satellites include GOSAT, GOSAT-2, OCO-2, OCO-3, TanSat, and the ESA-planned CO2M series.Focusing on the significant national demands such as assessment of carbon neutrality pathways and atmospheric environmental governance, this study also discusses the development tendencies of monitoring GHGs and aerosol within the framework of a collaborative observation constellation.(1) Identification and quantitative monitoring of large anthropogenic emission sources. The anthropogenic CO2/CH4 and aerosol particles (and other tracers such as NO2) emitted from large-scale industrial areas or cities have some similarities in source, environment, and meteorological condition. Therefore, the high-resolution GHGs and aerosol observation by collaborative satellites can be employed to improve the ability to identify, track, and monitor large-scale, fixed, anthropogenic sources more efficiently.(2) High-precision joint inversion of atmospheric GHGs and aerosol. The scattering of aerosol and cloud greatly impact the inversion accuracy of CO2/CH4 satellite products. The advanced spaceborne technology that combines multi-angle, multi-band, and polarimetric measurements obtain high-precision aerosol optical and microphysical parameters. These parameters can be used to generate observation-based aerosol models when dealing with aerosol scattering during GHG’s inversion, and these models are more appropriate than the traditional models from modeling data.(3) Active–passive satellite networking. No single satellite can acquire a daily, global-coverage GHG or aerosol product due to the issues such as limited swath width, large number of cloudy pixels, and strict data quality criteria. Therefore, active–passive satellite networking is an essential approach to satisfy the demands of operationally observing the earth. The GACOC could fill in the data gap effectively and generate a spatially–temporally continuous global dataset of GHGs and aerosol. These data can provide a solid foundation for scientific research such as accurate assessments of climate change and dynamic monitoring of the atmospheric environment.

palabra clave

greenhouse gases;aerosol;satellite remote sensing;carbon dioxide;collaborative observation constellation

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