References
- 1.Chen J R, Kao S H, He H, Zhuo W P, Wen S, Lee C H and Chan S H G. 2023. Run, don't walk: chasing higher FLOPS for faster neural networks//2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Vancouver: IEEE: 12021-12031
- 2.Cheng G and Han J W. 2016. A survey on object detection in optical remote sensing images. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 117: 11-28
- 3.Chollet F. 2017. Xception: deep learning with depthwise separable convolutions//2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Honolulu: IEEE: 1800-1807
- 4.Dong Y, Yang H T, Liu S L, Gao G S and Li C L. 2024. Optical remote sensing object detection based on background separation and small object compensation strategy. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 19: 3341-3351
- 5.Duan K W, Bai S, Xie L X, Qi H G, Huang Q M and Tian Q. 2019. CenterNet: keypoint triplets for object detection//2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. Seoul: IEEE: 6568-6577
- 6.Fan F, Zhang M, Yu D H, Li J J and Liu G W. 2024. Efficient remote sensing image target detection network with shape-location awareness enhancements. IEEE Sensors Journal, 24(19): 30654-30667
- 7.Gao T, Xia S L, Liu M K, Zhang J, Chen T and Li Z Q. 2025. MSNet: multi-scale network for object detection in remote sensing images. Pattern Recognition, 158: 110983
- 8.Gu Q, Huang H S, Han Z G, Fan Q S and Li Y T. 2024. GLFE-YOLOX: global and local feature enhanced YOLOX for remote sensing images. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 73: 2516112
- 9.Han K, Wang Y H, Tian Q, Guo J Y, Xu C J and Xu C. 2020. GhostNet: more features from cheap operations//2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Seattle: IEEE: 1577-1586
- 10.Hu X, Chu L Y, Pei J, Liu W Q and Bian J. 2021. Model complexity of deep learning: a survey. Knowledge and Information Systems, 63(10): 2585-2619
- 11.Krizhevsky A, Sutskever I and Hinton G E. 2012. ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks//26th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. Lake Tahoe: Curran Associates Inc.: 1097-1105
- 12.Li G, Wang X H, Zhang D, Wu Z Y and Di L J. 2024. A lightweight algorithm for ship target detection in optical remote sensing imagery. Space Electronic Technology, 21(6): 50-56
- 13.Li J F, Wen Y and He L H. 2023. SCConv: spatial and channel reconstruction convolution for feature redundancy//2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Vancouver: IEEE: 6153-6162
- 14.Li J J, Tian P H, Song R, Xu H T, Li Y S and Du Q. 2024. PCViT: a pyramid convolutional vision transformer detector for object detection in remote-sensing imagery. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 62: 5608115
- 15.Li K, Wan G, Cheng G, Meng L Q and Han J W. 2020. Object detection in optical remote sensing images: a survey and a new benchmark. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 159: 296-307
- 16.Li Y S, Wang L L, Wang T Z, Yang X, Luo J W, Wang Q, Deng Y M, Wang W B, Sun X, Li H F, Dang B, Zhang Y J, Yu Y and Yan J C. 2025. STAR: a first-ever dataset and a large-scale benchmark for scene graph generation in large-size satellite imagery. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 47(3): 1832-1849
- 17.Lin J D, Wu X Y, Chai Y and Yin H P. 2020. Structure optimization of convolutional neural networks: a survey. Acta Automatica Sinica, 46(1): 24-37
- 18.Lin T Y, Goyal P, Girshick R, He K M and Dollár P. 2018. Focal loss for dense object detection. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 42(2): 318-327
- 19.Phan H H, Ha C T and Nguyen T T. 2020. Improving the efficiency of human action recognition using deep compression//2020 International Conference on Multimedia Analysis and Pattern Recognition. Ha Noi: IEEE: 1-6
- 20.Qin Y, Lu C X, Liu Y L, Wu Q X, Zhang Q and Zhang X B. 2025. Algorithm for the fast detection of aircraft targets on the basis of optical remote sensing for embedded platforms. National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 29(3): 762-775
- 21.Ren S Q, He K M, Girshick R B and Sun J. 2017. Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 39(6): 1137-1149
- 22.Shi C P, Zhang X L, Sun J W and Wang L G. 2022. Remote sensing scene image classification based on self-compensating convolution neural network. Remote Sensing, 14(3): 545
- 23.Song H X, Xia H J, Wang W H, Zhou Y, Liu W B, Liu Q and Liu J L. 2025. QAGA-Net: enhanced vision transformer-based object detection for remote sensing images. International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics, 18(1): 133-152
- 24.Wang H C, Xin Y L, Guo J and Wang Q Q. 2024. Lightweight remote sensing ship detection algorithm based on YOLOv5s. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 19(5): 200-207
- 25.Wang X X, Wang G Z, Dang Q Q, Liu Y, Hu X G and Yu D H. 2022. PP-YOLOE-R: an efficient anchor-free rotated object detector. arXiv: 2211. 02386
- 26.Wang Y. 2025. An overview of object detection algorithm based on deep learning. Science & Technology Information, 23(2): 64-66
- 27.Wen N, Ge Y, Yang X Y, Yu M G and Wang T. 2025. Adaptive circular receptive field for remote sensing image target detection. IEEE Access, 13: 30155-30166
- 28.Xie S Y, Zhou M, Wang C L and Huang S S. 2024. CSPPartial-YOLO: a lightweight YOLO-based method for typical objects detection in remote sensing images. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 17: 388-399
- 29.Yin H T, Zhu Z Y and Wang H. 2025. SED-DETR: a scale-enhanced deformable detection transformer for remote sensing images. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 63: 5624412
- 30.Zhang S, Li S S, Wei G F, Zhang X N and Gao J W. 2022. Refined multi-scale feature-oriented object detection of the remote sensing images. National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 26(12): 2616-2628
- 31.Zhang Y L, Yuan Y, Feng Y C and Lu X Q. 2019. Hierarchical and robust convolutional neural network for very high-resolution remote sensing object detection. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 57(8): 5535-5548
- 32.Zhao F Y, Zhang J W and Zhang G P. 2024. FFEDet: fine-grained feature enhancement for small object detection. Remote Sensing, 16(11): 2003
- 33.Zhou Q K, Zhou H P, Sun K L and Deng B. 2025. ARST-YOLOv7: small target detection network for aerial remote sensing images. Computer Engineering and Applications, 61(12): 232-242


