Human Earth System Science（HESS） is a new inter discipline between natural and social sciences to monitor

analyze

simulate

control and guide the behavior

evolution

distribution and effects of interaction systems between human and earth where they have lived and developed. The science and its applications to development of National Spatial Information Infrastructure（NSII） in China are separately presented in two parts of this pater. In the first part

as study achievements

a conceptual model

branch definition and an operational mode of HESS are introduced. The conceptual model describes the construction of the system and interactive relationships of its components. Four branches divided from HESS include regional

thematic

experimental and technical ones. The operational mode put the development and applications of the science into an iterative loop of decision making and routine activities. All of the achievements made to the development and applications of HESS have a solid theoretical basis and very bright future. In the second part

the ways to solve the problems of NSII development in China

guided by the theory of HESS as mentioned before

are demonstrated. The problems include objectives and application scopes

working boundaries

ways of data sharing and partnership formulation of NSII. Obviously

it is very significant for the development of NSII in China reasonably to deal with these kinds of problems.