Geographical Conditions Monitoring（GCM） is a novel and important aspect in the development of geoinformation science in the age of big data. Its development needs top-level design

new technology

and the establishment of a more flexible

efficient

and low cost service mode. This paper first explains the sources and characteristics of Geographical Condition and Big Data（GCBD）

which mainly comprises eight types of data

namely

Earth observation data

basic geographic information data

geographical condition census data

geographical condition monitoring change data

ground observation data

survey and investigation data

statistics data

and public source geospatial data. GCBD involves five Vs

namely

volume

variety

velocity

veracity

and value

and exhibits the characteristics of regionality

objectivity

and dynamicity. A research framework of GCBD in the cloud computing environment is then presented. A deep transformation of "geographical data

geographical information

and geographical conditions" must be achieved through the establishment of a"space–aviation–ground" integrated monitoring network

a big data warehouse and cloud computing center

and a big data service environment to provide active

intelligent

integrated

and specialized service for the public

enterprises

and governments. Finally

building a cloud platform of GCBD is discussed from the perspectives of data storage

processing

mining

and application service. The cloud platform can fulfill the requirements of GCM in rapid data processing

data mining

intelligent service

and public application. The establishment of the GCBD framework can significantly change the service mode of GCM and promote its wide application and industrialized development.