收稿：2015-11-16，
纸质出版：2017-01
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激光测高卫星在获取全球高程控制点方面具有独特的优势，本文针对ICESat(Ice
Cloud and land Elevation Satellite)卫星上搭载的地球激光测高系统GLAS(Geo-science Laser Altimetry System)，提出了一种多准则约束的高程控制点筛选算法。算法综合利用全球公开版的SRTM(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) DEM数据对GLAS进行粗差剔除，然后利用GLA14产品中的云量、姿态质量标记、饱和度参数、增益参数等多种与测距有关的属性参数进行粗粒度的筛选，保留受云层、大气、地表反射率等影响较小的激光足印点，最后结合GLA01的波形特征参数做进一步精细筛选，提取出高精度的激光点作为高程控制点。本文还采用天津、河北两个实验区的数据，利用高精度的DEM成果数据对筛选的结果进行了验证。实验结果表明，经多准则约束筛选后的激光足印点具有很高的高程精度，能够作为1∶50000甚至1∶10000立体测图时的高程控制点使用，研究结论可为国产高分辨率卫星在境外地区进行无地面控制点的立体测图提供参考。
Satellite laser altimeter has a unique advantage in obtaining the global elevation control points. The Geoscience Laser Altimetry System (GLAS) loaded on the Ice
Clouds
and Land Elevation Satellite(ICESat) has collected numerous high-accuracy terrain elevation points from 2003 to 2009
which can be selected as elevation control points. In this study
an algorithm is proposed to select ICESat/GLAS data as elevation control points based on multi-criteria constraint. The Shuttle Radar Topography Missions-Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data is proposed to initially eliminate the gross error of GLAS points. Then
the parameters regarding laser ranging in the GLA14 product
such as cloud
attitude quality mark
and energy saturation parameters
are introduced to implement coarse selection and to obtain highly reliable GLAS points
which are less influenced by cloud
atmosphere
or reflectivity of the ground. Finally
the waveform characteristic is presented to extract high-accuracy laser points as elevation control points. The experiment is implemented in Tianjin and Hebei
and the algorithm is validated by the DEM reference data. From waveform analysis
the relationship between elevation accuracy of GLAS points and terrain relief can be described in detail. In addition
the selected result in Tianjin experimental region is better than 0.725 m; another result is better than 3.288 m. Moreover
if the criterion is strict
then the elevation accuracy may be improved. Preliminary test results show that the elevation accuracy of laser points is favorable after selection by the multi-criteria constraint method
which can be used as elevation control points for 1∶50000 and 1∶10000 stereo mapping. These conclusions will be valuable for global mapping using domestic satellite without ground control points.
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