收稿：2020-07-01，
纸质出版：2020-10-07
移动端阅览
气候变化背景下全球蝗灾日益肆虐，为支撑虫害及时精准防控，迫切需要开展大面积蝗虫动态监测预警研究。本文从蝗虫生境遥感监测、蝗虫发生动态遥感预警，以及蝗灾遥感损失评估3个方面介绍了当前研究现状，并指出当前存在的问题主要包括3个方面：蝗虫监测预警的时空分辨率较粗，无法精准定位虫害热点发生区和重点危害区；遥感虫害响应机制与虫害生物学扩散模型耦合度较低，导致模型时空普适性较差；缺乏高时空精度的虫害监测预警空间信息服务产品。因此，当前急需发展面向全球、洲际、全国、区域的多尺度、长时序、高精度虫害精准监测预警平台。通过建立时空精细尺度的虫害监测预警指标体系，研制遥感机制与虫害生物学机理深度耦合的高精度预测预报模型，发布多尺度高时频的虫害监测预警空间信息产品和服务，以实现海量数据的自动入库和智能存储、多层次模型的快速调用和高性能计算、虫害测报产品的在线生产和可视化服务。建立从数据到模型到产品服务的全链路，从而切实提升全球应对重大迁飞性虫害的智能化水平，为保障粮食安全、维护区域稳定和可持续发展提供科技支撑。
Vegetation systems worldwide are facing a growing challenge of locust threats
including Desert Locust (
Schistocerca gregaria
) invasion in African and Asian countries
Australian Plague Locust (
Chortoicetes terminifera
)
and Oriental Migratory Locust (
Locusta migratoria manilensis
) in China. The traditional single-point hand-check monitoring method could obtain information on the occurrence and development of locust at the point level
which could not meet the needs of monitoring and timely prevention and control of locust at the area level. It is urgent to conduct large-scale locust remote sensing monitoring and early warning to support timely prevention and control of locust
to ensure the safety of agricultural production
and furthermore to promote the realization of the “Zero Hunger” goal. We reviewed the current research of locust from three aspects
i.e. pest habitat monitoring
pest occurrence early warning
and loss assessment. We found that
the locust monitoring and early warning normally has a coarse spatial and temporal resolution
which makes it impossible to accurately locate the hazard hotspots; and the loose coupling of remote sensing pest response mechanism and pest biological diffusion model leads to a poor temporal and spatial universality and prediction accuracy; also we lack of timely
quantitative and visualized remote sensing monitoring and early warning locust service products to promote effective pest prevention. Therefore
there is an urgent need to develop a multi-scale
long-term
high-precision locust monitoring and early warning platform in global
intercontinental
national
and regional levels
to establish spatial and temporal continuous pest monitoring and early warning indexes
to develop pest monitoring and early warning models by deeply coupling of remote sensing mechanism and pest biological mechanism
and to release multi-scale
high-time-frequency pest products and services. On the one hand
we need to bring together and produce cutting edge research to provide information for locust monitoring and early warning
by integrating multi-source data
such as Earth Observation-EO
meteorological
entomological and plant pathological
etc. On the other hand
multi-models
including vegetation radiation transfer model
vegetation parameter inversion model
pest diffusion model
loss assessment model
are needed to be coupled with each other to provide temporal and spatial continuously pest monitoring
forecasting and loss assessment results. Besides
an intelligent platform
including storage module
calculation module
product module
is needed to be constructed
to integrating big data intelligent analysis
conducting high-performance model computing
realizing online locust product production and service push. The future trend of pest remote sensing system is realizing automatic storage and intelligent storage of massive data
fast calling of multi-level models and high-performance computing
and online producing of pest products and visualization. It will fully open up the entire link from data to models to product services
to effectively improve the global level of intelligence to deal with migratory pests
and to provide scientific and technological support for ensuring food security and maintaining regional stability. Furthermore
with locust now a world migratory pest
China and other countries
together with each other to discuss joint monitoring
collaborative scientific research and development of new coordinated integrated pest management mechanisms to provide economic
effective and ecologically-friendly management solutions.
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