收稿：2020-09-20，
纸质出版：2022-12-07
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真光层深度
Z
eu
（Euphotic Zone Depth）是指光合有效辐照度衰减为水体表面处1%时所对应的深度。它是描述水质特性的重要参数，对浮游植物光合作用，全球碳循环以及海洋环境变化的研究具有重要意义。本文基于多年在渤黄海现场实测数据，建立了针对MODIS（Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer）传感器的
Z
eu
遥感估算模型，该模型表现出良好的估算精度。在此基础上，利用2002年—2020年MODIS长时序卫星遥感数据，研究揭示了渤黄海
Z
eu
的时空变化规律，结果显示，渤黄海
Z
eu
具有近岸低、外海高的特点，并且明显表现出夏深冬浅的季节变化特征；长江口北舌状低值区夏季时往东北方向伸展，而在秋初时转向东南；在2002—2020年间，渤海、北黄海以及苏北浅滩的
Z
eu
单调变化，而南黄海、济州岛南及长江口北的
Z
eu
呈现波动式的变化趋势。此外，本文结合多源卫星遥感数据资料分析了
Z
eu
时空变化的驱动因素，结果显示，在渤海、南黄海、北黄海及苏北浅滩，
Z
eu
的时空变异受多种驱动因素的综合影响，其中海表面温度和光合有效辐射对
Z
eu
的变化呈正向驱动，而风速和总悬浮颗粒物浓度呈负向驱动；此外，长江径流量对长江口北
Z
eu
的变化也起着负向驱动作用，两者之间呈现强负相关关系（相关系数
R
=-0.55）。
Euphotic zone depth (
Z
eu
) is defined as the depth at which photosynthetic available radiation is 1% of its surface value. This zone is in the upper water column
where marine phytoplankton can effectively photosynthesize
which is essential in air–sea interaction through transfer of either gases or heat
especially with reference to greenhouse gases
such as carbon dioxide. Accordingly
the euphotic zone has an important influence on research into marine primary productivity
phytoplankton biomass
and global carbon cycle. Meanwhile
the spatial and temporal variations of
Z
eu
are closely related to the variability of water color elements. Consequently
Z
eu
is regarded as an indicator of water clarity
which may even have a certain indicative significance for ecosystems. Thus
marine researchers have prioritized
Z
eu
monitoring.
In this study
a remote sensing model was proposed to estimate
Z
eu
from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data based on
in situ
data collected from several cruises in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. The designed model uses the logarithm of slope of the remote sensing reflectance (
R
rs
) between 443 nm and 6S67 nm as an input.
In situ
data validations indicated that the algorithm shows good performance
with 0.86
R
2
(coefficient of determination)
4.14 root-mean square error
and 17.2% mean absolute percentage error. The model based on
R
rs
efficiently performs compared with the current common models.
The long term MODIS satellite data (2002—2020) were further used to investigate the spatial and temporal distributions of
Z
eu
in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. Results indicate that: (1)
Z
eu
is low in the coastal regions but high in offshore waters. Meanwhile
clear temporal variability in
Z
eu
was observed
showing that
Z
eu
is typically high in summer but low in winter for most regions. (2) The tongue-shaped structure with a low value in the North of Yangtze River Estuary extends to the northeast in summer and turns to the southeast in early autumn. (3)
Z
eu
monotonously varied in the Bohai Sea
Northern Yellow Sea
and Subei Shoal from 2002 to 2020. In the Bohai Sea and Subei Shoal
Z
eu
showed a downward trend
while it displayed an upward trend in the Northern Yellow Sea. Meanwhile
Z
eu
indicated a fluctuating trend in the Southern Yellow Sea
South of Jeju Island
and North of Yangtze River Estuary.
Furthermore
the potential driving factors responsible for these spatiotemporal variations were examined based on multi-source satellite data. The results indicate that the spatial and temporal variations of
Z
eu
in the Bohai Sea
Southern Yellow Sea
Northern Yellow Sea
and Subei Shoal are influenced by a variety of driving factors.
Z
eu
is positively driven by the sea surface temperature and photosynthetic active radiation but negatively driven by wind speed and total suspended matter concentration. Specifically
the total suspended matter concentration has a significant effect on the
Z
eu
variations. Meanwhile
Z
eu
in the North of Yangtze River Estuary is strongly related with the amount of runoff (correlation coefficient
R
=-0.55).
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