收稿：2021-01-07，
纸质出版：2023-07-07
移动端阅览
利用不同监测平台对大气环境污染进行监测时，不同遥感数据之间的对比验证以及协同观测是准确评估大气污染变化的关键。本文利用北京站点布置的多轴差分吸收光谱仪（MAX-DOAS）光谱仪，反演了2018年11月—2019年2月北京站点冬季的对流层NO
2
垂直柱浓度，总结了北京冬季NO
2
的日变化和月变化规律。研究中首先利用MAX-DOAS测量光谱结合DOAS反演算法获取不同时刻对流层NO
2
垂直柱浓度，与TROPOMI过境时刻的NO
2
遥测数据的变化趋势和相关性进行比较，并对卫星过境时地基站点不同的数据平均时间，和星—地间平均采样距离进行敏感性分析，同时将双因素方差分析方法（Two-way ANOVA）应用于评估风场对区域NO
2
浓度变化的影响。结果显示北京地区11月的对流层NO
2
平均浓度高于冬季其他月份，最大时均浓度可达到4.04×10
16
molec·cm
-2
，且冬季各月份下午对流层平均NO
2
浓度明显高于上午。利用TROPOMI和MAX-DOAS获得的对流层NO
2
具有较好的相关性（
r
=0.88），其中2018年12月星—地观测相关性可达到0.96，但TROPOMI的NO
2
浓度结果相对于地基MAX-DOAS观测结果均有不同程度的高估。同时星—地对比敏感性表明，在一定的采样范围内，随着平均时间和平均距离的增大，星—地NO
2
浓度检测相关性均表现为明显的增高，其中相关性对采样距离的敏感性较大，而浓度相对偏差对采样时间敏感性较大，这为数据对比时的合理采样间隔选择提供参考。此外，通过风场分析发现风速及风速和风向的交互作用是导致北京地区NO
2
浓度变化的重要因素之一。
Satellite- and ground-based remote sensing methods have unique advantages in monitoring atmospheric pollutants. The comparison and verification of different remote sensing data and collaborative observations use different monitoring platforms
which play a major role in accurately assessing changes in atmospheric pollution. In this study
the tropospheric NO
2
vertical column amounts in the winter from November 2018 to February 2019 at the Beijing site were retrieved using the MAX-DOAS spectrometer deployed at the Beijing site. Moreover
the daily and monthly changes in NO
2
in Beijing were summarized. The MAX-DOAS spectrometer was also used with TROPOMI’s products to analyze the NO
2
pollution during winter in Beijing.
The MAX-DOAS measurement spectrum combined with the DOAS inversion algorithm was used to obtain the vertical column amounts of tropospheric NO
2
at different times and compare the changes and correlation of the NO
2
columns obtained by TROPOMI at the time of satellite overpass. It was also used to analyze the sensitivity of the NO
2
columns of ground-based and spaceborne observations at different sampling times and the average sampling distance between the satellite and the ground site at the time of passing territory. Moreover
we counted wind fields in winter weather conditions. The influence of the wind field on the changes in NO
2
in Beijing was also analyzed. The two-factor analysis of variance was applied to evaluate the influence of the wind field on the change in the regional NO
2
amounts.
The results show that the average columns of NO
2
in the troposphere in Beijing in November are higher than those in other months in winter. The maximum hourly average columns can reach 4.04 × 10
16
molec·cm
-2
. The average amounts of NO
2
in the troposphere in the afternoon of each winter month are significantly higher than those in the morning. The tropospheric NO
2
obtained by TROPOMI and MAX-DOAS has a good correlation (
r
= 0.88). The correlation between satellite-ground-based observations in December 2018 can reach 0.96. However
the NO
2
amounts of TROPOMI are overestimated to varying degrees relative to the ground-based MAX-DOAS observation results. Moreover
the sensitivity of satellite-ground comparison shows that within a certain sampling range
the correlation appears to increase significantly with the increase in average time and average distance. The correlation is sensitive to the sampling distance
whereas the relative column deviation is sensitive to the sampling time. This finding provides a reference for the selection of reasonable sampling intervals during data comparison. In addition
wind field analysis indicates that wind speed and the interaction between wind speed and wind direction are the main factors leading to changes in NO
2
in Beijing.
The results of monitoring NO
2
in winter on different platforms indicate that the NO
2
in the Beijing area has obvious monthly and diurnal changes. This monitoring is vital for establishing pollution forecasting models and analyzing pollution causes. The comparative observation and sampling sensitivity analysis of the two different observation platforms also provide important reference and data support for the reliability of NO
2
inversion on the spaceborne platform.
Beirle S , Platt U , Wenig M and Wagner T . 2003 . Weekly cycle of NO 2 by GOME measurements: a signature of anthropogenic sources . Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , 3 ( 6 ): 2225 - 2232 [ DOI: 10.5194/acp-3-2225-2003 http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-2225-2003 ]
Bogumil K , Orphal J , Homann T , Voigt S , Spietz P , Fleischmann O C , Vogel A , Hartmann M , Kromminga H , Bovensmann H , Frerick J and Burrows J P . 2003 . Measurements of molecular absorption spectra with the SCIAMACHY pre-flight model: instrument characterization and reference data for atmospheric remote-sensing in the 230—2380 nm region . Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry , 157 ( 2/3 ): 167 - 184 [ DOI: 10.1016/S1010-6030(03)00062-5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(03)00062-5 ]
Calvert J G , Atkinson R , Kerr J A , Madronich S , Moortgat G K and Wallington T J . 2000 . Primary photochemical processes in some important light-absorbing products of atmospheric oxidation of the alkenes // The Mechanisms of Atmospheric Oxidation of the Alkenes . Oxford : Oxford University Press: 372 - 375
Celarier E A , Brinksma E J , Gleason J F , Veefkind J P , Cede A , Herman J R , Ionov D , Goutail F , Pommereau J P , Lambert J C , Van Roozendael M , Pinardi G , Wittrock F , Schönhardt A , Richter A , Ibrahim O W , Wagner T , Bojkov B , Mount G , Spinei E , Chen C M , Pongetti T J , Sander S P , Bucsela E J , Wenig M O , Swart D P J , Volten H , Kroon M and Levelt P F . 2008 . Validation of Ozone Monitoring Instrument nitrogen dioxide columns . Journal of Geophysical Research : Atmospheres , 113 ( D15 ): D15 S 15 [ DOI: 10.1029/2007JD008908 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008908 ]
Cersosimo A , Serio C and Masiello G . 2020 . TROPOMI NO 2 tropospheric column data: regridding to 1 km grid-resolution and assessment of their consistency with in situ surface observations . Remote Sensing , 12 ( 14 ): 2212 [ DOI: 10.3390/rs12142212 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12142212 ]
Chen Y P , Yan H , Yao Y J , Zeng C L , Gao P , Zhuang L Y , Fan L Y and Ye D Q . 2020 . Relationships of ozone formation sensitivity with precursors emissions, meteorology and land use types, in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China . Journal of Environmental Sciences , 94 : 1 - 13 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.005 ]
China Environment News . 2018 . Three-Year Action Plan to Win the Blue-Sky Defense War . [2018-07-04] . http://www.mee.gov.cn/ywdt/hjywnews/201807/t20180704_446065.shtml http://www.mee.gov.cn/ywdt/hjywnews/201807/t20180704_446065.shtml
中国环境报 . 2018 . 国务院印发《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》 . [2018-07-04] . http://www.mee.gov.cn/ywdt/hjywnews/201807/t20180704_446065.shtml http://www.mee.gov.cn/ywdt/hjywnews/201807/t20180704_446065.shtml
EPA . 1993 . Air quality criteria for oxides of nitrogen (Final Report, 1993). EPA/ 600 / 8 - 91 / 049 aF-Cf. Environmental Protection Agency
Filippini T , Rothman K J , Goffi A , Ferrari F , Maffeis G , Orsini N and Vinceti M . 2020 . Satellite-detected tropospheric nitrogen dioxide and spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Northern Italy . Science of the Total Environment , 739 : 140278 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140278 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140278 ]
Fu C B , Dan L , Tang J X and Yang W . 2019 . Spatiotemporal variation of NO 2 and sub-regional transport during winter pollution events in Haikou, China . Journal of Tropical Meteorology , 25 ( 3 ): 365 - 372 [ DOI: 10.16555/j.1006-8775.2019.03.008 http://dx.doi.org/10.16555/j.1006-8775.2019.03.008 ]
Hermans C . 2015 . BIRA-IASB Spectroscopy Lab [EB/OL]. [ 2019-12-26 ]. http://spectrolab.aeronomie.be/index.htm http://spectrolab.aeronomie.be/index.htm
Hua J X , Zhang Y X , de Foy B , Mei X D , Shang J and Feng C . 2021 . Competing PM 2.5 and NO 2 holiday effects in the Beijing area vary locally due to differences in residential coal burning and traffic patterns . Science of the Total Environment , 750 : 141575 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141575 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141575 ]
Huang G Y and Sun K . 2020 . Non-negligible impacts of clean air regulations on the reduction of tropospheric NO 2 over East China during the COVID-19 pandemic observed by OMI and TROPOMI . Science of the Total Environment , 745 : 141023 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141023 ]
Ialongo I , Virta H , Eskes H , Hovila J and Douros J . 2020 . Comparison of TROPOMI/Sentinel-5 Precursor NO 2 observations with ground-based measurements in Helsinki . Atmospheric Measurement Techniques , 13 ( 1 ): 205 - 218 [ DOI: 10.5194/amt-13-205-2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-205-2020 ]
Keller-Rudek H , Moortgat G K , Sander R and Sörensen R . 2013 . The MPI-Mainz UV/VIS spectral atlas of gaseous molecules of atmospheric interest . Earth System Science Data , 5 ( 2 ): 365 - 373 [ DOI: 10.5194/essd-5-365-2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-365-2013 ]
Kelly T J , Spicer C W and Ward G F . 1990 . An assessment of the luminol chemiluminescence technique for measurement of NO 2 in ambient air . Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics , 24 ( 9 ): 2397 - 2403 [ DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(90)90332-H http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(90)90332-H ]
Kim D R , Choi W J , Lee J S , Kim S Y , Hong J S , Song C K , Lee J B , Hong Y D and Lee S J . 2012 . Analysis of NO 2 over the Korean Peninsula from ozone monitoring instrument satellite measurements . Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment , 28 ( 3 ): 249 - 260 [ DOI: 10.5572/KOSAE.2012.28.3.249 http://dx.doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2012.28.3.249 ]
Lee C , Kim Y J , Lee H and Choi B C . 2008 . MAX-DOAS measurements of ClO, SO 2 and NO 2 in the mid-latitude coastal boundary layer and a power plant plume //Kim Y J and Platt U, eds. Advanced Environmental Monitoring . Dordrecht : Springer: 37 - 49 [ DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6364-0_3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6364-0_3 ]
Leser H , Hönninger G and Platt U . 2003 . MAX-DOAS measurements of BrO and NO 2 in the marine boundary layer . Geophysical Research Letters , 30 ( 10 ): 1537 [ DOI: 10.1029/2002gl015811 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002gl015811 ]
Liu S , Valks P , Pinardi G , De Smedt I , Yu H , Beirle S and Richter A . 2019 . An improved total and tropospheric NO 2 column retrieval for GOME-2 . Atmospheric Measurement Techniques , 12 ( 2 ): 1029 - 1057 [ DOI: 10.5194/amt-12-1029-2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1029-2019 ]
Luo Y H , Dou K , Fan G Q , Huang S , Si F Q , Zhou H J , Wang Y J , Pei C L , Tang F Y , Yang D S , Xi L , Yang T P , Zhang T S and Liu W Q . 2020 . Vertical distributions of tropospheric formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and aerosol in southern China by ground-based MAX-DOAS and LIDAR measurements during PRIDE-GBA 2018 campaign . Atmospheric Environment , 226 : 117384 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117384 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117384 ]
Merienne M F , Jenouvrier A , Coquart B and Lux J P . 1997 . The NO 2 absorption spectrum . IV : the 200 - 400 nm region at 220 K. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 27 ( 3 ): 219 - 232 [ DOI: 10.1023/A:1005829213463 http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005829213463 ]
Platt U , Perner D and Pätz H W . 1979 . Simultaneous measurement of atmospheric CH 2 O, O 3 , and NO 2 by differential optical absorption . Journal of Geophysical Research : Oceans , 84 ( C10 ): 6329 - 6335 [ DOI: 10.1029/JC084iC10p06329 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JC084iC10p06329 ]
Ramachandran A , Jain N K , Sharma S A and Pallipad J . 2013 . Recent trends in tropospheric NO 2 over India observed by SCIAMACHY: identification of hot spots . Atmospheric Pollution Research , 4 ( 4 ): 354 - 361 [ DOI: 10.5094/apr.2013.040 http://dx.doi.org/10.5094/apr.2013.040 ]
Richter A , Burrows J P , Nüß H , Granier C and Niemeier U . 2005 . Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space . Nature , 437 ( 7055 ): 129 - 132 [ DOI: 10.1038/nature04092 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04092 ]
Shaiganfar R , Beirle S , Sharma M , Chauhan A , Singh R P and Wagner T . 2011 . Estimation of NO x emissions from Delhi using Car MAX-DOAS observations and comparison with OMI satellite data . Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , 11 ( 21 ): 10871 - 10887 [ DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-10871-2011 http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10871-2011 ]
Shikwambana L , Mhangara P and Mbatha N . 2020 . Trend analysis and first time observations of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in South Africa using TROPOMI/Sentinel-5 P data . International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation , 91 : 102130 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2020.102130 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2020.102130 ]
Szymankiewicz K , Kaminski J W and Struzewska J . 2014 . Interannual variability of tropospheric NO 2 column over central Europe - observations from SCIAMACHY and GEM-AQ model simulations . Acta Geophysica , 62 ( 4 ): 915 - 929 [ DOI: 10.2478/s11600-014-0211-z http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11600-014-0211-z ]
Tan W , Liu C , Wang S S , Liu H R , Zhu Y Z , Su W J , Hu Q H and Liu J G . 2020 . Long-distance mobile MAX-DOAS observations of NO 2 and SO 2 over the North China Plain and identification of regional transport and power plant emissions . Atmospheric Research , 245 : 105037 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105037 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105037 ]
The State Council . 2013 . Action plan on the prevention and control of air pollution . [2018-05-17] https://www.mee.gov.cn/zcwj/gwywj/201811/t20181129_676555.shtml https://www.mee.gov.cn/zcwj/gwywj/201811/t20181129_676555.shtml
国务院 . 2013 . 国务院关于印发大气污染防治行动计划的通知 . [2018-05-17] https://www.mee.gov.cn/zcwj/gwywj/201811/t20181129_676555.shtml https://www.mee.gov.cn/zcwj/gwywj/201811/t20181129_676555.shtml
van der A R J , Eskes H J , Boersma K F , Van Noije T P C , Van Roozendael M , De Smedt I , Peters D H M U and Meijer E W . 2008 . Trends, seasonal variability and dominant NO x source derived from a ten year record of NO 2 measured from space . Journal of Geophysical Research : Atmospheres , 113 ( D4 ): D 04302 [ DOI: 10.1029/2007JD009021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009021 ]
van Geffen J H G M , Boersma K F , Eskes H J , Maasakkers J D and Veefkind J P . 2016 . TROPOMI ATBD of the total and tropospheric NO 2 data products . [2019-06-12] https://josvg.home.xs4all.nl/KNMI/papers/S5P-KNMI-L2-0005-RP-ATBD_NO2_data_products-100-20160205.pdf https://josvg.home.xs4all.nl/KNMI/papers/S5P-KNMI-L2-0005-RP-ATBD_NO2_data_products-100-20160205.pdf
van Geffen J H G M , Eskes H J , Boersma K F , Maasakkers J D and Veefkind J P . 2019 . TROPOMI ATBD of the total and tropospheric NO 2 data products. Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, Accessed 1.4.0 . [2019-12-26] http://www.tropomi.eu/sites/default/files/files/publicSentinel-5P-TROPOMI-ATBD-NO2-data-products.pdf http://www.tropomi.eu/sites/default/files/files/publicSentinel-5P-TROPOMI-ATBD-NO2-data-products.pdf
Veefkind J P , Aben I , McMullan K , Förster H , de Vries J , Otter G , Claas J , Eskes H J , De Haan J F , Kleipool Q , Van Weele M , Hasekamp O , Hoogeveen R , Landgraf J , Snel R , Tol P , Ingmann P , Voors R , Kruizinga B , Vink R , Visser H and Levelt P F . 2012 . TROPOMI on the ESA Sentinel-5 Precursor: a GMES mission for global observations of the atmospheric composition for climate, air quality and ozone layer applications . Remote Sensing of Environment , 120 : 70 - 83 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2011.09.027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.09.027 ]
Volkamer R , Baidar S , Campos T L , Coburn S , DiGangi J P , Dix B , Eloranta E W , Koenig T K , Morley B , Ortega I , Pierce B R , Reeves M , Sinreich R , Wang S , Zondlo M A and Romashkin P A . 2015 . Aircraft measurements of BrO, IO, glyoxal, NO 2 , H 2 O, O 2 —O 2 and aerosol extinction profiles in the tropics: comparison with aircraft-/ship-based in situ and lidar measurements . Atmospheric Measurement Techniques , 8 ( 5 ): 2121 - 2148 [ DOI: 10.5194/amt-8-2121-2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2121-2015 ]
Wang P , Piters A , van Geffen J , Tuinder O , Stammes P and Kinne S . 2020 . Shipborne MAX-DOAS measurements for validation of TROPOMI NO 2 products . Atmospheric Measurement Techniques , 13 ( 3 ): 1413 - 1426 [ DOI: 10.5194/amt-13-1413-2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1413-2020 ]
Wang Y , Li A , Xie P H , Wagner T , Chen H , Liu W Q and Liu J G . 2014 . A rapid method to derive horizontal distributions of trace gases and aerosols near the surface using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy . Atmospheric Measurement Techniques , 7 ( 6 ): 1663 - 1680 [ DOI: 10.5194/amt-7-1663-2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1663-2014 ]
WHO . 2006 . Air quality guidelines: global update 2005: Particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide . World Health Organization
Yang D S , Zeng Y , Xi L , Zhou H J , Qiu X H , Luo Y H , Si F Q and Liu W Q . 2020 . Analysis of the emission flux of pollution source NO x based on synchronous observation of airborne and vehicular differential optical absorption spectroscopy technique . Acta Optica Sinica , 40 ( 5 ): 0501002
杨东上 , 曾议 , 奚亮 , 周海金 , 邱晓晗 , 罗宇涵 , 司福祺 , 刘文清 . 2020 . 基于机载与车载差分吸收光谱技术同步观测的污染源NO x 排放通量的分析 . 光学学报 , 40 ( 5 ): 0501002 [ DOI: 10.3788/aos202040.0501002 http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202040.0501002 ]
Yang T P , Si F Q , Zhao M J , Dou K , Zhou H J , Luo Y H and Liu W Q . 2017 . Method for measuring surface albedo based on airborne platform . Acta Optica Sinica , 37 ( 12 ): 1228001
杨太平 , 司福祺 , 赵敏杰 , 窦科 , 周海金 , 罗宇涵 , 刘文清 . 2017 . 基于机载平台测量地表反照率的方法 . 光学学报 , 37 ( 12 ): 1228001 [ DOI: 10.3788/aos201737.1228001 http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201737.1228001 ]
相关作者
相关机构
京公网安备11010802024621
