长时间序列1984年—2020年密云水库水面信息遥感监测与分析

刘畅; 唐海蓉; 计璐艳; 赵永超

doi:10.11834/jrs.20220489

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长时间序列1984年—2020年密云水库水面信息遥感监测与分析
Spatial-temporal water area monitoring of the Miyun Reservoir using remote sensing imagery from 1984 to 2020
2023年27卷第2期页码：335-350
收稿：2020-11-06，

纸质出版：2023-02-07
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20220489
稿件说明：

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刘畅，唐海蓉，计璐艳，赵永超.2023.长时间序列1984年—2020年密云水库水面信息遥感监测与分析.遥感学报，27（2）： 335-350 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20220489.

Liu C，Tang H R，Ji L Y and Zhao Y C. 2023. Spatial-temporal water area monitoring of the Miyun Reservoir using remote sensing imagery from 1984 to 2020. National Remote Sensing Bulletin， 27（2）：335-350 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20220489.

摘要

密云水库在防洪、灌溉、发电、养殖、旅游、供应城市用水等方面产生了巨大效益，准确地完成水库制图并分析其特征时空变化对密云水库生态环境监测及管理具有重要意义。本文以密云水库为研究区域，收集了1984年—2020年所有的Landsat 5和Landsat 8遥感影像，利用水体的光谱、地形、时空特征，研究并解决了水库水体动态制图中的云、阴影、冰雪干扰，同物异谱及混合像元等难点问题，提出了一套自动化且高精度的水库水体动态制图算法，在无云无冰雪的情况下的总体精度高达98.2%，并引入了景观分裂度指数分析密云水库形态变化。基于制图结果发现水库水面面积变化可划分为5个时期：“增长期”（1984年—1993年）、“巅峰期”（1994年—1999年）、“衰落期”（2000年—2003年）、“保护期”（2004年—2014年）、“恢复期”（2015年—2020年），期间水库东、西两区经历了“三分三合”的过程，水库面积最大达到151.6 km²（1995年），最小仅为57.3 km²（2004年）；每年的最大面积出现在8—9月份，最小面积出现在5月份。此外，还讨论了密云水库水面面积变化与城市建设、政策、降水等多种驱动力的联系，可为水库的监测和管理提供参考。

Abstract

Miyun Reservoir has produced huge benefits in flood control

agricultural irrigation

power generation

aquaculture

tourism

and urban water supply. Accurate water mapping is of great significance to the ecological environment monitoring of the Miyun Reservoir and the management of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The purpose of this research is to design a long-term dynamic water mapping method for the Miyun Reservoir by solving difficult problems such as cloud and snow interference

terrain shadows

and mixed pixels encountered in the mapping to realize the analysis and monitoring of water surface information changes in the Miyun Reservoir.

The research successfully applied the tasselled cap transformation to the cloud detection of Landsat series data. DEM data are used to remove terrain shadows during processing. The water index WI

which is very suitable for long-term dynamic mapping

is introduced for water extraction

and the local unmixing method is used to make the extracted water contours and subpixel small targets more accurate. In addition

the research innovatively uses the landscape separation index to conduct a macroscopic analysis of the water surface morphology of the Miyun Reservoir.

The algorithm in this paper has completed the dynamic water map of the Miyun Reservoir from 1984 to 2020

and the accuracy of the mapping result is high. The overall accuracy of direct verification is 98.2% under the condition of no clouds and snow

which is comparable to the existing water system map product (improved FROM-GLC). The overall consistency of cross-validation is as high as 99.4%. In addition

a long-term analysis of water surface information

such as the area

coverage

and morphological characteristics of the Miyun Reservoir

has been performed. (1) The area of Miyun Reservoir changed tremendously during the 37 years from 1984 to 2020

with the largest being 151.6 km² and the smallest being 57.3 km². The area changes are mainly concentrated in three areas

including the northern area

the area where the Chao and Bai Rivers enter the reservoir

and the island in the center of the reservoir. (2) Based on the changes in the area of Miyun Reservoir

it is divided into five periods: “growth” (1984—1993)

“peak” (1994—1999)

“decline” (2000—2003)

“protection” (2004—2014)

and “recovery” (2015—2020). (3) The changes in Miyun Reservoir during one year mainly occurred in 4 areas

including the northern area

the area where the Chao River enters the reservoir

the island in the center of the reservoir

and the West Stone Camel subdam area. Due to the release of water from the reservoir in May before the arrival of the rainy season each year

the area is the smallest. The area reached the largest in a year at the end of the rainy season in August or September because a large amount of rainwater was accumulated. (4) The Miyun Reservoir’s landscape separation changed greatly during the 37 years. When the water volume is small

it splits into two reservoir areas in the east and west. The east and west reservoirs underwent a process of

three divisions and three consolidations

from 1984 to 2020. The three split periods include 1984—1986

2003—2005

and 2014—2015

and the other years are in the consolidation period.

关键词

Keywords

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