哨兵1号和高分三号SAR数据海浪谱反演精度评估
Accuracy evaluation of wave spectrum inversion based on Sentinel-1 and GF-3 SAR data
- 2023年27卷第4期 页码：891-904
纸质出版日期： 2023-04-07
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20221503
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摘要
合成孔径雷达SAR（Synthetic Aperture Radar）是一种重要的海浪观测手段，研究其SAR图像海浪谱反演结果的精度，是其广泛应用于海浪观测的前提。欧洲航天局ESA（European Space Agency）的哨兵1号卫星（Sentinel-1）和中国自主研发的高分三号卫星（GF-3）是目前在轨运行的两颗SAR卫星，利用两颗卫星的SAR数据反演海浪和风场参数是目前国内外研究团队最为关注的问题之一。本文重点研究并对比了哨兵1号卫星SAR IW模式（Interferometric Wide swath）和GF-3卫星SAR条带模式数据海浪谱反演的精度。选取印度洋海上丝绸之路海域和太平洋、大西洋近岸海域不同海况下的两卫星SAR数据进行海浪参数反演，将反演结果分别与欧洲天气预报中心ECMWF（European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts）的ERA-5数据和浮标海浪数据进行了对比，结果显示，与ERA-5数据对比，Sentinel-1卫星反演有效波高和平均波周期的均方根误差RMSE（Root Mean Squared Error）分别为0.30 m、0.63 s，GF-3卫星反演有效波高和平均波周期的均方根误差分别为0.37 m、0.99 s；与浮标数据对比，哨兵1号卫星反演有效波高和平均波周期的均方根误差分别为0.40 m、0.91 s，GF-3卫星反演有效波高和平均波周期的均方根误差分别为0.42 m、0.94 s。结果表明，基于海浪谱反演的GF-3卫星与Sentinel-1卫星SAR海浪参数反演精度满足海洋遥感领域的要求，二者海浪谱反演结果精度相当。
Abstract
Ocean wave is one of the important marine dynamic phenomenon that affect human activities. At present
the main observation means include buoy observation
marine numerical prediction model
and microwave remote sensing observation. However
we cannot conduct large-scale observation by buoy
and the marine numerical prediction model’s result is not measured data. Spectrometers and altimeters in microwave remote sensing instruments can also measure spectral parameters. However
SAR
which has a higher resolution
can provide 2D sea surface information. The Sentinel-1 satellite of ESA and GF-3 satellite independently developed by China are now in orbit
and numerous teams are working to retrieve wave parameters from SAR data of these two satellites. In this work
we compared the wave parameter inversion accuracy of Sentinel-1 SAR Interferometric Wide Swath model and GF-3 SAR strip model based on wave spectrum
which provides a reference for the wide application of GF-3 SAR data.
The sea states according to the ERA-5 data of ECMWF are divided into three categories: low
moderate
and high sea states. The sea areas of Hormuz and Malacca Straits of the maritime Silk Road in the Indian Ocean and the coastal waters of the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean are selected as the study areas. Meanwhile
the SAR data of Sentinel-1 and GF-3 satellites under different sea states are selected as the data source. The MPI method is used to retrieve the wave spectrum and wave parameters using the E spectrum as the initial guess. Subsequently
the SAR data inversion results of the two satellites under different sea states are compared with the ERA-5 and buoy wave data. The inversion accuracy of the wave parameters can be verified by calculating the values of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Scatter Index (SI)
and the inversion accuracy of the wave parameters of the two satellites under different sea conditions can be compared.
The RMSEs of significant wave height (
H
s
) retrieved by GF-3 SAR under low
moderate
and high sea conditions are 0.30
0.34
and 0.48 m
and those of mean wave period (
T
m
) are 1.02
0.99
and 0.95 s
respectively
compared with the ERA-5 data. In addition
the RMSE of
H
s
retrieved by Sentinel-1 SAR under low
moderate
and high sea conditions are 0.30
0.29
and 0.33 m
respectively
and the RMSEs of
T
m
are 0.94
0.51
and 0.64 s
respectively. The RMSEs of
H
s
and
T
m
under different sea conditions retrieved by GF-3 SAR are 0.38 m and 0.99 s
and those of
H
s
and
T
m
retrieved by Sentinel-1 SAR are 0.31 m and 0.70 s
respectively
compared with the ERA-5 data. The RMSEs of the retrieved
H
s
and
T
m
of GF-3 satellite are 0.42 m and 0.94 s
and those of the retrieved
H
s
and
T
m
of Sentinel-1 are 0.40 m and 0.91 s
respectively
compared with the buoy data.
The SAR wave parameter inversion of Sentinel-1 and GF-3 SAR based on the wave spectrum shows that the inversion results of the two satellites meet the index requirements in this field
and the accuracy of the inversion results of wave spectrum is the same. The strip mode SAR data of GF-3 satellite
China’s first self-developed SAR satellite
has broad prospects in marine research fields.
关键词
SAR高分三号（GF-3）哨兵1号（Sentinel-1）海浪谱反演精度比对
Keywords
SARGF-3Sentinel-1wave spectrum inversionaccuracy comparison
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中国石油大学(华东),控制科学与工程学院
中国石油大学(华东),海洋与空间信息学院
湖南大学 电气与信息工程学院
国家林业和草原局林业智能信息处理工程技术研究中心
北京林业大学 信息学院
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