COVID-19疫情初期美国城市夜间灯光时空变化分析
Spatio-temporal variations of night-time lights at early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States
- 2022年26卷第9期 页码：1777-1788
收稿：2021-10-22，
纸质出版：2022-09-07
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20221645
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摘要
为应对COVID-19疫情而采取的非药物干预措施显著改变了城市社会经济活动，但其变化特征和时空模式仍不明确。本研究以美国20个大城市为例，获取NPP-VIIRS月度合成数据分析2020年2—4月COVID-19疫情初期城市夜光亮度变化的空间格局、衰减特征和用地类型差异。结果表明，疫情防控措施导致美国城市夜光亮度普遍变暗，平均降低5%—8%。夜光变化呈现明显“中心—边缘”空间结构特征，夜光降低幅度随到城市中心距离增加而减小。不同用地类型夜光变化幅度存在差异，纽约居住用地和航空设施用地夜光亮度降低幅度最明显，分别下降12%和11%。芝加哥各类用地夜光亮度普遍下降20%左右，除体育设施用地外，其他各类用地夜光亮度一个月后有所恢复。夜光遥感有效反映了城市社会经济活动变化，在监测评估突发事件社会影响方面具有重要应用。
Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic swept the world and continues to spread. Without effective medical treatments and vaccine during the early stage of the pandemic
local governments in various countries had to lock down cities and adopt non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)
such as the stay-at-home order and social distancing. The NPIs against the COVID-19 epidemic have significantly changed the socio-economic activities in cities. However
the characteristics and patterns of urban socio-economic activities under this influence are still unclear. Given the development of earth observation technologies
large-scale changes in socioeconomic activities can be captured by satellites through remotely sensed Night-Time Lights (NTLs). In this study
we selected 20 major cities in the United States
including Atlanta
Chicago
Dallas
Denver
Detroit
Houston
Kansas City
Los Angeles
Miami
Minneapolis
New York
Orlando
Philadelphia
Phoenix
Pittsburgh
Salt Lake City
San Francisco
Seattle
Saint Louis
Washington D.C.
to analyze the spatio-temporal variations of NTLs caused by the lockdown of cities. The first round of the COVID-19 epidemic occurred in the United States in mid-March 2020. Since March 2020
American cities have successively issued stay-at-home orders
but differences in the time and strictness of policy implementation were noted. Large cities have higher population density and intensity of social activities
so they are more susceptible to infectious diseases. The diversity of lockdown dates and the strictness of lockdowns in the cities in the United States are conducive to investigating the spatio-temporal variations of NTL. We acquired monthly averaged NTLS products of February
March
and April 2020
which were from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Platform NPP. We further analyzed the spatial pattern
distance decay
and disparities in land use types of changes in the NTLs. Results show that the NTLs generally dimmed by 5%—8% in U.S. cities because of the lockdown of cities. In six cities
the luminous brightness dropped by more than 10%: Chicago
Dallas
Denver
Detroit
Minneapolis
and St. Louis. Among them
Minneapolis showed the largest decrease in luminous brightness
with a decrease of approximately 40% in March. The spatial change of the NTLs shows an obvious “core-periphery” pattern
indicating that the reduction of the NTLs declined with the distance from the city center
mainly because the central area of the city is a concentrated commercial area. After the closure of the city
commercial activities dropped significantly
resulting in an obvious reduction in NTLs around the city centers. The reduction of the NTLs varied among the diverse urban land use types. In New York
the NTL decreased the most on land for residence and aviation facilities by 12% and 11%
respectively. In Chicago
the NTL generally decreased by 20% in all types of urban land
and NTL recovered after one month of the lockdown of the cities in other urban lands
except the sports facilities land. This study only analyzed the spatio-temporal changes of NTLs. In the future
the results of this study can be combined with multi-source data to explain the driving force of NTL changes. Night-time light remote sensing effectively reflects the urban socio-economic dynamics with an important application in monitoring and assessing the socio-economic impacts of emergencies.
关键词
Keywords
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李熙 武汉大学 测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室
许刚 武汉大学 资源与环境科学学院
王传立 武汉大学 遥感信息工程学院
孟庆祥 武汉大学 遥感信息工程学院
修田雨 武汉大学 测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室
李云波 中国人民解放军91001部队
孙绍杰 中山大学 海洋科学学院
陈思宇 中山大学 海洋科学学院
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武汉大学 资源与环境科学学院
天津大学 海洋科学与技术学院
北京吉威数源信息技术有限公司
中山大学 海洋科学学院
中国人民解放军91001部队
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