基于Landsat像元级时间序列的海岸带盐沼植被分类

郑嘉豪; 孙超; 林昀; 李璐; 刘永超

doi:10.11834/jrs.20232461

湿地精细分类方法 | 浏览量 : 0 下载量: 1240 CSCD: 5

R-PDF
PDF
导出
分享
收藏
专辑

基于Landsat像元级时间序列的海岸带盐沼植被分类
Classification of salt marsh vegetation based on pixel-level time series from Landsat images
2023年27卷第6期页码：1400-1413
收稿：2022-09-08，

纸质出版：2023-06-07
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20232461
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

郑嘉豪，孙超，林昀，李璐，刘永超.2023.基于Landsat像元级时间序列的海岸带盐沼植被分类.遥感学报，27（6）： 1400-1413 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20232461.

Zheng J H，Sun C，Lin Y，Li L and Liu Y C. 2023. Classification of salt marsh vegetation based on pixel-level time series from Landsat images. National Remote Sensing Bulletin， 27（6）：1400-1413 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20232461.

摘要

盐沼是最具生态价值且最为脆弱的生态系统之一，及时、精确地监测盐沼植被分布对于海岸带生态管理和保护尤为重要。随着多源遥感数据不断积累，时间序列方法日益成为海岸带资源监测的重要手段。然而，由于云雨天气频发，海岸带影像可用性较差，如何有效构建时间序列仍存在较大挑战。本研究耦合多源Landsat影像，以长三角典型滨海湿地为研究区，构建像元级时间序列的XGBoost分类模型，探讨盐沼植被精细识别的可行性与稳定性。研究结果表明：（1）通过相互定标耦合多源影像成效显著，不但提高了影像可用性，还减小了不同传感器之间的光谱反射率差异。（2）基于像元级时间序列方法的盐沼植被分类效果较好，研究区内盐沼植被平均总体分类精度可达81.50%，平均Kappa系数为0.758，对于长三角区域分布广泛的海三棱藨草和互花米草尤为优良。（3）相较于单一时相分类方法，像元级时间序列分类方法的年际绝对均值误差保持小于3.88%，稳定性较好，有望应用在盐沼植被动态变化监测中，为中国海岸带资源高效管理提供遥感技术支持。

Abstract

Salt marshes are the world’s most valuable and vulnerable ecosystem. Thus

accurate and timely monitoring of the distribution of salt marsh vegetation is essential. With the accumulation of multi-source remote sensing imagery

the time-series method has increasingly become important for monitoring coastal areas. However

effectively constructing time series is still challenging as the number of available observations is relatively low owing to the frequent cloudy weather in the coastal areas. In this study

we coupled multi-sourced Landsat images and constructed a pixel-level time series with XGBoost. Based on this

the feasibility and stability of classifying salt marsh vegetation were tested using the three typical sites in the Yangtze River Delta. Results showed that (1) Inter-calibration for multi-sourced images was necessary for not only improving the availability of images but also reducing the spectral differences among sensors. (2) The performance of salt marsh vegetation classification based on the pixel-level time series was favorable

reflected by 81.50% as the mean overall accuracy and 0.755 as the Kappa coefficient. The classification results were excellent

particularly for the widely distributed

Suaeda salsa

and

Spartina alterniflora

in the Yangtze River Delta. (3) Compared with the single-phrase classifications

the pixel-level time series–based classifications were stable

evidenced by an inter-annual absolute mean error lower than 3.27%. Therefore

our proposed method is expected for dynamic monitoring of salt marsh vegetation

which facilitates managing coastal resources and implementing ecological conservation effectively of China’s coasts.

关键词

Keywords

references

Ai J Q , Gao W , Gao Z Q , Shi R H and Zhang C . 2017 . Phenology-based Spartina alterniflora mapping in coastal wetland of the Yangtze Estuary using time series of GaoFen satellite no. 1 wide field of view imagery . Journal of Applied Remote Sensing , 11 ( 2 ): 026020 [ DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.11.026020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.11.026020 ]

Chen G , Zhong C R , Li M Y , Yu Z , Liu X Y and Jia M M . 2022 . Disturbance of mangrove forests in Guangxi Beilun Estuary during 1990-2020 . National Remote Sensing Bulletin , 26 ( 6 ): 1112 - 1120

陈高 , 钟才荣 , 李明玉 , 余洲 , 刘心雨 , 贾明明 . 2022 . 1990年—2020年广西北仑河口红树林扰动研究 . 遥感学报 , 26 ( 6 ): 1112 - 1120 [ DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20221579 http://dx.doi.org/10.11834/jrs.20221579 ]

Chen T Q and Guestrin C . 2016 . XGBoost: a scalable tree boosting system // Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining . San Francisco : ACM: 785 - 794 [ DOI: 10.1145/2939672.2939785 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2939672.2939785 ]

Cheng Q , Chen Y F , Li S D and Xu J F . 2016 . Research on plant species diversity in estuarine wetland of Hangzhou bay based on the GF-1 satellite and in situ data . Journal of Natural Resources , 31 ( 11 ): 1938 - 1948

程乾 , 陈奕霏 , 李顺达 , 徐俊锋 . 2016 . 基于高分1号卫星和地面实测数据的杭州湾河口湿地植物物种多样性研究 . 自然资源学报 , 31 ( 11 ): 1938 - 1948 [ DOI: 10.11849/zrzyxb.20160056 http://dx.doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.20160056 ]

Hou X Y and Xu X L . 2011 . Spatial patterns of land use in coastal zones of China in the early 21st century . Geographical Research , 30 ( 8 ): 1370 - 1379

侯西勇 , 徐新良 . 2011 . 21世纪初中国海岸带土地利用空间格局特征 . 地理研究 , 30 ( 8 ): 1370 - 1379 [ DOI: 10.11821/yj2011080003 http://dx.doi.org/10.11821/yj2011080003 ]

Hou X Y , Zhang H , Li D , Hou W and Song Y . 2018 . Development trend, environmental and ecological impacts, and policy recommendations for Bohai Sea reclamation . Acta Ecologica Sinica , 38 ( 9 ): 3311 - 3319

侯西勇 , 张华 , 李东 , 侯婉 , 宋洋 . 2018 . 渤海围填海发展趋势、环境与生态影响及政策建议 . 生态学报 , 38 ( 9 ): 3311 - 3319 [ DOI: 10.5846/stxb201706261145 http://dx.doi.org/10.5846/stxb201706261145 ]

Hu Y K , Tian B , Yuan L , Li X Z , Huang Y , Shi R H , Jiang X Y , Wang L H and Sun C . 2021 . Mapping coastal salt marshes in China using time series of Sentinel-1 SAR . ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing , 173 : 122 - 134 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2021.01.003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2021.01.003 ]

Huang H M , Zhang L Q and Yuan L . 2007 . The spatio-temporal dynamics of salt marsh vegetation for Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve, Shanghai . Acta Ecologica Sinica , 27 ( 10 ): 4166 - 4172

黄华梅 , 张利权 , 袁琳 . 2007 . 崇明东滩自然保护区盐沼植被的时空动态 . 生态学报 , 27 ( 10 ): 4166 - 4172 [ DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2007.10.025 http://dx.doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2007.10.025 ]

Jiang Z , Huete A R , Didan K and Miura T . 2008 . Development of a two-band enhanced vegetation index without a blue band . Remote sensing of Environment , 112 ( 10 ): 3833 - 3845 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.006 ]

Jones J W , Starbuck M J and Jenkerson C B . 2013 . Landsat Surface Reflectance Quality Assurance Extraction (version 1.7) . US Geological Survey

Li F X , Ding D D , Chen Z J , Chen H H , Shen T , Wu Q L and Zhang C Y . 2020 . Change of sea reclamation and the sea-use management policy system in China . Marine Policy , 115 : 103861 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103861 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103861 ]

Li H Y , Jia M M , Zhang R , Ren Y X and Wen X . 2019 . Incorporating the plant phenological trajectory into mangrove species mapping with dense time series Sentinel-2 imagery and the Google Earth Engine platform . Remote Sensing , 11 ( 21 ): 2479 [ DOI: 10.3390/rs11212479 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212479 ]

Li J , Gao S and Li Y . 2006 . Spatial and temporal variations in salt-marsh vegetation in Wanggang area, Jiangsu coast, based upon TM imagery analysis . Marine Sciences , 30 ( 5 ): 52 - 57

李婧 , 高抒 , 李炎 . 2006 . 江苏海岸王港地区盐沼植被变化的tm图像分析 . 海洋科学 , 30 ( 5 ): 52 - 57 [ DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3096.2006.05.011 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-3096.2006.05.011 ]

Li J , Gao S and Wang Y P . 2010 . Invading cord grass vegetation changes analyzed from Landsat-TM imageries: a case study from the Wanggang area, Jiangsu coast, eastern China . Acta Oceanologica Sinica , 29 ( 3 ): 26 - 37 [ DOI: 10.1007/s13131-010-0034-y http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13131-010-0034-y ]

Li J L . 2006 . Research on the seasonal dynamics of zonal vegetation in the coastal area using MODIS-NDVI/EVI——a case study of Spartina alterniflora marsh on the Jiangsu coast . Marine Science Bulletin , 25 ( 6 ): 91 - 96

李加林 . 2006 . 基于MODIS的沿海带状植被NDVI/EVI季节变化研究——以江苏沿海互花米草盐沼为例 . 海洋通报 , 25 ( 6 ): 91 - 96 [ DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6392.2006.06.013 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-6392.2006.06.013 ]

Li Q Q , Lu Y , Hu S B , Hu Z W , Li H Z , Liu P , Shi T Z , Wang C S , Wang J J and Wu G F . 2016 . Review of remotely sensed geo-environmental monitoring of coastal zones . Journal of Remote Sensing , 20 ( 5 ): 1216 - 1229

李清泉 , 卢艺 , 胡水波 , 胡忠文 , 李洪忠 , 刘鹏 , 石铁柱 , 汪驰升 , 王俊杰 , 邬国锋 . 2016 . 海岸带地理环境遥感监测综述 . 遥感学报 , 20 ( 5 ): 1216 - 1229 [ DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20166168 http://dx.doi.org/10.11834/jrs.20166168 ]

Li X , Yu M J , Shen J H , Hu R Y and Li M H . 2007 . Effects of soil Na content on plant diversity and dominance in the wetland of the Hangzhou Bay . Acta Ecologica Sinica , 27 ( 11 ): 4603 - 4611

李侠 , 于明坚 , 慎佳泓 , 胡仁勇 , 李铭红 . 2007 . 杭州湾滩涂Na元素含量对植物多样性和优势度的影响 . 生态学报 , 27 ( 11 ): 4603 - 4611 [ DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2007.11.028 http://dx.doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2007.11.028 ]

Li Z , Guo X D , Gu C , Yao K , Lyu C Y and Zhang L L . 2016 . Spectral absorption characteristic parameters in inversing FAPAR of natural grassland . Journal of Remote Sensing , 20 ( 2 ): 290 - 302

李喆 , 郭旭东 , 古春 , 姚阔 , 吕春艳 , 张路路 . 2016 . 高光谱吸收特征参数反演草地光合有效辐射吸收率 . 遥感学报 , 20 ( 2 ): 290 - 302 [ DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20165174 http://dx.doi.org/10.11834/jrs.20165174 ]

Liang T C , Liang S L , Zou L Q , Sun L , Li B , Lin H , He T and Tian F . 2022 . Estimation of aerosol optical depth at 30 m resolution using landsat imagery and machine learning . Remote Sensing , 14 ( 5 ): 1053 [ DOI: 10.3390/rs14051053 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051053 ]

Liu L , Xiao X M , Qin Y W , Wang J , Xu X L , Hu Y M and Qiao Z . 2020 . Mapping cropping intensity in China using time series Landsat and Sentinel-2 images and Google Earth Engine . Remote Sensing of Environment , 239 : 111624 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111624 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111624 ]

Liu R Q , Li J L , Sun C , Sun W W , Cao L D and Tian P . 2021 . Classification of Yancheng coastal wetland vegetation based on vegetation phenological characteristics derived from Sentinel-2 time-series . Acta Geographica Sinica , 76 ( 7 ): 1680 - 1692

刘瑞清 , 李加林 , 孙超 , 孙伟伟 , 曹罗丹 , 田鹏 . 2021 . 基于Sentinel-2遥感时间序列植被物候特征的盐城滨海湿地植被分类 . 地理学报 , 76 ( 7 ): 1680 - 1692 [ DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202107008 http://dx.doi.org/10.11821/dlxb202107008 ]

Liu Y X , Li M C , Mao L , Cheng L and Chen K F . 2013 . Seasonal pattern of tidal-flat topography along the Jiangsu middle coast, China, using HJ-1 optical images . Wetlands , 33 ( 5 ): 871 - 886 [ DOI: 10.1007/s13157-013-0445-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0445-6 ]

Mao D H , Wang Z M , Luo L , Ren C Y and Jia M M . 2016 . Monitoring the evolution of wetland ecosystem pattern in northeast China from 1990 to 2013 based on remote sensing . Journal of Natural Resources , 31 ( 8 ): 1253 - 1263

毛德华 , 王宗明 , 罗玲 , 任春颖 , 贾明明 . 2016 . 1990-2013年中国东北地区湿地生态系统格局演变遥感监测分析 . 自然资源学报 , 31 ( 8 ): 1253 - 1263 [ DOI: 10.11849/zrzyxb.20151005 http://dx.doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.20151005 ]

Minello T J , Rozas L P and Baker R . 2012 . Geographic variability in salt marsh flooding patterns may affect nursery value for fishery species . Estuaries and Coasts , 35 ( 2 ): 501 - 514 [ DOI: 10.1007/s12237-011-9463-x http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9463-x ]

Niu Z G , Zhang H Y , Wang X W , Yao W B , Zhou D M , Zhao K Y , Zhao H , Li N N , Huang H B , Li C C , Yang J , Liu C X , Liu S , Wang L , Li Z , Yang Z Z , Qiao F , Zheng Y M , Chen Y L , Sheng Y W , Gao X H , Zhu W H , Wang W Q , Wang H , Weng Y L , Zhuang D F , Liu J Y , Luo Z C , Cheng X , Guo Z Q and Gong P . 2012 . Mapping wetland changes in China between 1978 and 2008 . Chinese Science Bulletin , 57 ( 22 ): 2813 - 2823

牛振国 , 张海英 , 王显威 , 姚文博 , 周德民 , 赵魁义 , 赵惠 , 李娜娜 , 黄华兵 , 李丛丛 , 杨军 , 柳彩霞 , 刘爽 , 王琳 , 李展 , 杨镇钟 , 乔飞 , 郑姚闽 , 陈炎磊 , 盛永伟 , 高小红 , 朱卫红 , 王文卿 , 王红 , 翁永玲 , 庄大方 , 刘纪远 , 罗志才 , 程晓 , 郭子琪 , 宫鹏 . 2012 . 1978~2008年中国湿地类型变化 . 科学通报 , 57 ( 16 ): 1400 - 1411 [ DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5093-3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5093-3 ]

Portnoy J W and Valiela I . 1997 . Short-term effects of salinity reduction and drainage on salt-marsh biogeochemical cycling and Spartina (cordgrass) production . Estuaries , 20 ( 3 ): 569 - 578 [ DOI: 10.2307/1352615 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1352615 ]

Reiche J , Hamunyela E , Verbesselt J , Hoekman D and Herold M . 2018 . Improving near-real time deforestation monitoring in tropical dry forests by combining dense Sentinel-1 time series with Landsat and ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 . Remote Sensing of Environment , 204 : 147 - 161 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2017.10.034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.10.034 ]

Ren G B , Zhang J and Ma Y . 2015 . Spectral discrimination and separable feature lookup table of typical vegetation species in Yellow River Delta wetland . Marine Environmental Science , 34 ( 3 ): 420 - 426

任广波 , 张杰 , 马毅 . 2015 . 黄河三角洲典型植被地物光谱特征分析与可分性查找表 . 海洋环境科学 , 34 ( 3 ): 420 - 426 [ DOI: 10.13634/j.cnki.mes.2015.03.017 http://dx.doi.org/10.13634/j.cnki.mes.2015.03.017 ]

Roy D P , Kovalskyy V , Zhang H K , Vermote E F , Yan L , Kumar S S and Egorov A . 2016 . Characterization of Landsat-7 to Landsat-8 reflective wavelength and normalized difference vegetation index continuity . Remote sensing of Environment , 185 : 57 - 70 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2015.12.024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.12.024 ]

Rozema J , Bijwaard P , Prast G and Broekman R . 1985 . Ecophysiological adaptations of coastal halophytes from foredunes and salt marshes . Vegetatio , 62 ( 1 ): 499 - 521 [ DOI: 10.1007/BF00044777 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044777 ]

Song J and Yu C B . 2021 . Missing value imputation using XGboost for label-free mass spectrometry-based proteomics data . BioRxiv [ DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.08.438945 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.08.438945 ]

Sun C , Li J L , Cao L D , Liu Y C , Jin S and Zhao B X . 2020 . Evaluation of vegetation Index-Based curve fitting models for accurate classification of salt marsh vegetation using sentinel-2 Time-Series . Sensors , 20 ( 19 ): 5551 [ DOI: 10.3390/s20195551 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195551 ]

Sun C , Li J L , Liu Y X , Liu Y C and Liu R Q . 2021 . Plant species classification in salt marshes using phenological parameters derived from Sentinel-2 pixel-differential time-series . Remote Sensing of Environment , 256 : 112320 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112320 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112320 ]

Sun C , Liu Y X , Li M C , Zhao S S and Zhou M X . 2015 . Spatiotemporal evolution of salt marsh and influential analysis of reclamation of Jiangsu middle coast in recent 25 years . Journal of Natural Resources , 30 ( 9 ): 1486 - 1498

孙超 , 刘永学 , 李满春 , 赵赛帅 , 周旻曦 . 2015 . 近25a来江苏中部沿海盐沼分布时空演变及围垦影响分析 . 自然资源学报 , 30 ( 9 ): 1486 - 1498 [ DOI: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2015.09.006 http://dx.doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2015.09.006 ]

Sun C , Liu Y X , Zhao S S , Zhou M X , Yang Y H and Li F X . 2016 . Classification mapping and species identification of salt marshes based on a short-time interval NDVI time-series from HJ-1 optical imagery . International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation , 45 : 27 - 41 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2015.10.008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.10.008 ]

Sun X B and Liu H Y . 2010 . Optimization of wetland landscape patterns based on ecological function evaluation: a case study on the coastal wetlands of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province . Acta Ecologica Sinica , 30 ( 5 ): 1157 - 1166

孙贤斌 , 刘红玉 . 2010 . 基于生态功能评价的湿地景观格局优化及其效应——以江苏盐城海滨湿地为例 . 生态学报 , 30 ( 5 ): 1157 - 1166

Tian B , Zhou Y X , Zhang L Q , Ma Z J , Yang B and Tang C D . 2008 . A GIS and remote sensing-based analysis of migratory bird habitat suitability for Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve, Shanghai . Acta Ecologica Sinica , 28 ( 7 ): 3049 - 3059

田波 , 周云轩 , 张利权 , 马志军 , 杨波 , 汤臣栋 . 2008 . 遥感与GIS支持下的崇明东滩迁徙鸟类生境适宜性分析 . 生态学报 , 28 ( 7 ): 3049 - 3059

Tian Y C , Zhang Q , Huang H , Huang Y J , Tao J , Zhou G Q , Zhang Y L , Yang Y W and Lin J L . 2022 . Aboveground biomass of typical invasive mangroves and its distribution patterns using UAV-LiDAR data in a subtropical estuary: Maoling River estuary, Guangxi, China . Ecological Indicators , 136 : 108694

Van Beijma S , Comber A and Lamb A . 2014 . Random forest classification of salt marsh vegetation habitats using quad-polarimetric airborne SAR, elevation and optical RS data . Remote Sensing of Environment , 149 : 118 - 129 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.010 ]

Wang Z M , Song K S , Liu D W , Zhang B , Zhang S Q , Li F , Ren C Y , Jin C , Yang T and Zhang C H . 2009 . Process of Land Conversion from Marsh into Cropland in the Sanjiang Plain during 1954 - 2005 . Wetland Science , 7 ( 3 ): 208 - 217

王宗明 , 宋开山 , 刘殿伟 , 张柏 , 张树清 , 李方 , 任春颖 , 金翠 , 杨婷 , 张春华 . 2009 . 1954～2005年三江平原沼泽湿地农田化过程研究 . 湿地科学 , 7 ( 3 ): 208 - 217 [ DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.2009.03.013 http://dx.doi.org/10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.2009.03.013 ]

Xi Y , Zhuang X T , Wang X M , Nie R H and Zhao G S . 2018 . A research and application based on gradient boosting decision tree // 15th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Applications . Taiyuan : Springer: 15 - 26 [ DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02934-0_2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02934-0_2 ]

Xiao C W , Li P , Feng Z M and Wu X Y . 2018 . Spatio-temporal differences in cloud cover of Landsat-8 OLI observations across China during 2013-2016 . Journal of Geographical Sciences , 28 ( 4 ): 429 - 444 [ DOI: 10.1007/s11442-018-1482-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11442-018-1482-0 ]

Zhang J , Li J R , Yang L and Li X . 2019 . Current situation, problems and management countermeasures of coastal wetlands in China . Environment and Sustainable Development , 44 ( 5 ): 127 - 129

张健 , 李佳芮 , 杨璐 , 李潇 . 2019 . 中国滨海湿地现状和问题及管理对策建议 . 环境与可持续发展 , 44 ( 5 ): 127 - 129 [ DOI: 10.19758/j.cnki.issn1673-288x.201905127 http://dx.doi.org/10.19758/j.cnki.issn1673-288x.201905127 ]

Zhang X M , Yan C , Gao C , Malin B A and Chen Y . 2020 . Predicting missing values in medical data via XGBoost regression . Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research , 4 ( 4 ): 383 - 394 [ DOI: 10.1007/s41666-020-00077-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41666-020-00077-1 ]

Zhao B , Yan Y E , Guo H Q , He M M , Gu Y J and Li B . 2009 . Monitoring rapid vegetation succession in estuarine wetland using time series MODIS-based indicators: an application in the Yangtze River Delta area . Ecological Indicators , 9 ( 2 ): 346 - 356 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.05.009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.05.009 ]

Zhu Z . 2017 . Change detection using landsat time series: a review of frequencies, preprocessing, algorithms, and applications . ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing , 130 : 370 - 384 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.06.013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.06.013 ]

Zhu Z and Woodcock C E . 2012 . Object-based cloud and cloud shadow detection in Landsat imagery . Remote Sensing of Environment , 118 : 83 - 94 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.028 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.028 ]

Zhu Z , Wulder M A , Roy D P , Woodcock C E , Hansen M C , Radeloff V C , Healey S P , Schaaf C , Hostert P , Strobl P , Pekel J F , Lymburner L , Pahlevan N and Scambos T A . 2019 . Benefits of the free and open Landsat data policy . Remote Sensing of Environment , 224 : 382 - 385 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.02.016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.02.016 ]

Zuo P , Li Y , Zhao S H , Zhou X , Teng H F and Chen H . 2012 . Landscape changes of Jiangsu Yancheng coastal wetlands and their driving forces since 1976 . Acta Oceanologica Sinica , 34 ( 1 ): 101 - 108

左平 , 李云 , 赵书河 , 周鑫 , 滕厚锋 , 陈浩 . 2012 . 1976年以来江苏盐城滨海湿地景观变化及驱动力分析 . 海洋学报 , 34 ( 1 ): 101 - 108

Zuo P , Zhao S H , Liu C A , Wang C H and Liang Y B . 2012 . Distribution of Spartina spp. along China’s coast . Ecological Engineering , 40 : 160 - 166 [ DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.12.014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.12.014 ]

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

基于TROPOMI NO₂、CO及HCHO重构数据的近地面O₃浓度估算研究

地理要素分类机器学习方法发展与前景

融合星地多源数据资料的长三角地区高分辨率时空无缝PM_2.5浓度数据

地形校正对U-Net深度神经网络分类器分类精度的影响

基于多源数据的全国可燃物类型划分方法